IoT ESP32 Prepaid Energy Meter With PZEM-004T

Have you ever been shocked by a suddenly high electricity bill? This DIY IoT ESP32 prepaid energy Meter project puts you back in control of your energy usage and costs. Monitoring and controlling electricity consumption are essential for cost efficiency and safety.

In this project, we will build an IoT-based Prepaid Energy Meter using ESP32, PZEM-004T, a relay module, and a TFT display. The system monitors real-time voltage, current, power, and energy usage, deducts a balance based on consumption, and disconnects power when the balance is low. Users can also control and recharge their balance via a web interface. Checkout latest project: Build an IoT Energy Meter with ESP32 & PZEM-004T

This smart device allows you to:

Real-time power usage (voltage, current, power, and energy)
Load credits into a prepaid account
Automatically cut power when the balance runs out or below the threshold
Access all data through a web dashboard
Get alerts for electrical problems like voltage spikes

Required Components

ESP32 BOARD ( Amazon / Aliexpress )
PZEM-004T V3.0 Module ( Amazon / Aliexpress )
1.8″ TFT LCD DISPLAY ( Amazon / Aliexpress )
5V RELAY MODULE ( Amazon / Aliexpress )
PUSH BUTTON
JUMPER WIRES
BREADBOARD OR PCB

Software Requirements:

Arduino IDE
Required Libraries:
- PZEM004Tv30
- Adafruit GFX Library
- Adafruit ST7735 Library

PZEM-004T Energy Meter Module

The PZEM-004T is an AC energy monitoring module for measuring voltage, current, active power, frequency, power factor, and energy consumption. It communicates via RS485 using the Modbus-RTU protocol.

Key Features:

Voltage 80–260V, ±0.5% accuracy.
Current: Up to 10A (built-in shunt) or 100A (external CT), ±0.5% accuracy.
Power : Up to 2.3kW (10A) or 23kW (100A), ±0.5% accuracy.
Energy : 0–9999.99kWh, resettable via software.
Communication RS485 (TTL), 9600 baud rate, 8N1.

Pinout:

L (Live): Connect to AC mains
N (Neutral): Connect to AC neutral
CT+ & CT-: Connect to the external current transformer
5V & GND: Power the module
TX & RX: Serial communication

Applications:

Home energy monitoring.
Industrial automation.
Renewable energy systems.

Working Principle | IoT ESP32 Prepaid Energy Meter With PZEM-004T

Measurement: The PZEM sensor safely connects to your electrical line and measures voltage, current, power, and energy usage.
Processing: The ESP32 reads this data, calculates your remaining balance based on energy used, and controls everything.
Display: You can view all information on the attached TFT screen and a web dashboard from any device on your home network.
Control: When your balance is too low or there’s an electrical problem, the system automatically cuts power using the relay.
Management: You can add credit, change settings, and manually control power through the web interface.

Connect the Components

1. PZEM-004T Connections

Live Wire (V+) → AC Live Input
Neutral Wire (V-) → AC Neutral Input
Current Input (I+) → External CT (for 100A model) or internal shunt (for 10A model)
RS485 Communication :
- RX → ESP32 TX (e.g., GPIO17 for TX2)
- TX → ESP32 RX (e.g., GPIO16 for RX2)
Power Supply :
- 5V → ESP32 5V
- GND → ESP32 GND
Load (Bulb) Connections
- Bulb One Terminal → AC Live Output (from PZEM-004T)
- Bulb Other Terminal → Relay COM (Common) Pin
- Relay NO (Normally Open) → AC Neutral Output (from PZEM-004T)

2. Relay Connections

Relay VCC → ESP32 5V
Relay GND → ESP32 GND
Relay IN → ESP32 GPIO Pin (e.g., GPIO4)

3. TFT Display to ESP32 Connections

TFT Pin	ESP32 Pin	Description
VCC	3.3V	Power supply (3.3V)
GND	GND	Ground
CS	GPIO5	Chip Select (SPI)
RST	GPIO22	Reset (optional if tied high)
DC (RS)	GPIO21	Data/Command Control
SDA (MOSI)	GPIO23	SPI Data line (VSPI MOSI)
SCK	GPIO18	SPI Clock
LED (BL)	3.3V	Backlight

4. Connect the Push Button

Button one leg → ESP32 Pin 32
Button other leg → ESP32 GND

Install the Libraries:

Add ESP32 board support to Arduino IDE. If you have not already setup
Before uploading the code, install the following libraries :

Upload the Code

Copy the entire project code from the code below and open the code in Arduino IDE.

Modify the WiFi settings with your network credentials.

const char* ssid = "YourWiFiName";
const char* password = "YourWiFiPassword";

1 2	const char* ssid = "YourWiFiName"; const char* password = "YourWiFiPassword";

Source code – IoT ESP32 Prepaid Energy Meter

#include <PZEM004Tv30.h>
#include <SPI.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
#include <Adafruit_ST7735.h>
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <WebServer.h>
#include <ArduinoJson.h>
#include <EEPROM.h>
#include <ESP.h> // Required for ESP.restart()

// Define pins for PZEM
#define PZEM_RX_PIN 16
#define PZEM_TX_PIN 17

// TFT display pins
#define TFT_CS    5
#define TFT_DC    21
#define TFT_RST   22
#define TFT_MOSI  23
#define TFT_SCLK  18

// Relay pin for power control
#define RELAY_PIN 4
// Push button pin for page change and manual relay override
#define BUTTON_PIN 32 // Example pin, choose an available pin

// EEPROM addresses
#define EEPROM_SIZE 128 // Increased EEPROM size to accommodate more settings
#define BALANCE_ADDR 0
#define ENERGY_ADDR 4
#define OVER_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD_ADDR 8
#define OVER_CURRENT_THRESHOLD_ADDR 12
#define THEFT_CURRENT_THRESHOLD_ADDR 16
#define MINIMUM_BALANCE_ADDR 20
#define COST_PER_KWH_ADDR 24 // Corrected definition - retyped this line

// Default values for thresholds (used if EEPROM is empty or corrupted)
#define DEFAULT_OVER_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD 260.0
#define DEFAULT_OVER_CURRENT_THRESHOLD 10.0
#define DEFAULT_THEFT_CURRENT_THRESHOLD 0.02
#define DEFAULT_MINIMUM_BALANCE 0.0
#define DEFAULT_COST_PER_KWH 0.2
#define DEFAULT_BALANCE 0.0
#define DEFAULT_ENERGY 0.0

// Authentication credentials for web interface
const char* admin_username = "admin";
const char* admin_password = "admin123";

// Server port
WebServer server(80);

// Colors (Added missing colors if needed)
#define BLACK     0x0000
#define BLUE      0x001F
#define RED       0xF800
#define GREEN     0x07E0
#define YELLOW    0xFFE0
#define WHITE     0xFFFF
#define DARKGRAY  0x4208
#define CYAN      0x07FF
#define MAGENTA   0xF81F
#define ORANGE    0xFD20 // Example Orange

// Text buffers to track changes and avoid unnecessary redraws
char lastVoltageText[20] = ""; // Increased buffer size to 20
char lastCurrentText[20] = "";
char lastPowerText[20] = "";
char lastEnergyText[20] = "";
char lastBalanceText[20] = "";
char lastStatusText[20] = "";
char lastFaultText[20] = "";
char lastTheftText[20] = "";

// Common text settings - Function to reduce repetition
void setTextProperties(Adafruit_ST7735 &display, uint16_t color, uint8_t size = 1) { // Modified to accept tft display object
    display.setTextColor(color);
    display.setTextSize(size);
}

// Global variables
unsigned long measurementInterval = 2000; // Interval between PZEM readings (milliseconds)
unsigned long lastReadTime = 0;
unsigned long screenRefreshTime = 0;
unsigned long balanceUpdateTime = 0;
unsigned long lastEnergyValue = 0;
const unsigned long SCREEN_REFRESH_INTERVAL = 1000; // Interval for screen refresh (milliseconds)
const unsigned long BALANCE_UPDATE_INTERVAL = 60000; // Update balance every minute
bool layoutDrawn = false;
unsigned long notificationEndTime = 0; //used for determine the end of the notification
String currentNotification = ""; // string to  current displaying notification
uint16_t notificationColor = WHITE;
bool pzemConnected = true;     // Flag to track PZEM connection status
bool relayState = true;        // Flag to track relay state
float balance = 0.0;           // Current balance in rupees
float lastEnergy = 0.0;        // Last energy reading
bool faultDetected = false;    // Flag for fault detection
bool theftDetected = false;    // Flag for theft detection
int displayPage = 0;           // Current display page (0=main, 1=alerts)
unsigned long pageChangeTime = 0; // Time to switch between pages
const unsigned long PAGE_INTERVAL = 5000; // Switch pages every 5 seconds
bool manualOverride = false;    // Flag for manual relay control override

// Thresholds - now variables, loaded from EEPROM and configurable
float overVoltageThreshold = DEFAULT_OVER_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD;
float overCurrentThreshold = DEFAULT_OVER_CURRENT_THRESHOLD;
float theftCurrentThreshold = DEFAULT_THEFT_CURRENT_THRESHOLD;
float minimumBalance = DEFAULT_MINIMUM_BALANCE;
float costPerKWh = DEFAULT_COST_PER_KWH;

// Initialize TFT and PZEM
Adafruit_ST7735 tft = Adafruit_ST7735(TFT_CS, TFT_DC, TFT_MOSI, TFT_SCLK, TFT_RST);
PZEM004Tv30 pzem(Serial2, PZEM_RX_PIN, PZEM_TX_PIN);

// Structure for PZEM readings
struct PzemData {
float voltage;
float current;
float power;
float energy;
bool isValid;
};

// Store readings
PzemData readings = {0, 0, 0, 0, false};

// Store IP address as a string to avoid repeated calls
String ipAddressStr = "";

// WiFi credentials - Replace with your actual credentials
const char* ssid = "ESP32";
const char* password = "aaaaaaaa";

// Button debounce variables
const unsigned long debounceDelay = 50; // Debounce delay in milliseconds
unsigned long lastButtonPress = 0;
bool buttonState = false; // Current button state
bool lastButtonState = false; // Previous button state

// Notification timer interval (5 minutes)
const unsigned long NOTIFICATION_INTERVAL = 300000; // 5 minutes in milliseconds
unsigned long lastNotificationTime = 0;

// WiFi reconnection variables
unsigned long lastWifiCheckTime = 0;
const unsigned long WIFI_RECHECK_INTERVAL = 30000; // Check WiFi every 30 seconds

// Manual relay override button variables
unsigned long buttonPressStartTime = 0;
bool manualRelayControlActive = false;

// Function prototypes
void handleRoot();
void handleLogin();
void handleRecharge();
void handleData();
void handleReset();
void handleSetRelay();
void handleNotFound();
void readPzemData();
void drawLayout();
void drawLiveDataPage();
void drawAlertsPage();
void updateDisplayValues();
void showNotification(const String& message, uint16_t color, unsigned long duration = 5000); //default 5 sec notification
void clearNotification();
void displayStartupSequence();
void configureWiFi(); // Modified to remove WiFiManager
void saveBalance();
void loadBalance();
void updateBalance();
void checkFaultsAndTheft();
void controlRelay();
void printDebugInfo(const char* action, bool success);
void handleSetThresholds(); // New handler for setting thresholds
void saveThresholds();      // Function to save thresholds to EEPROM
void loadThresholds();      // Function to load thresholds from EEPROM
String generateThresholdsHTML(); // Function to generate HTML for threshold settings section
void handleFactoryReset();  // New handler for factory reset
void resetEEPROMToDefaults(); // Function to reset EEPROM to defaults
void checkWiFiConnection();   // Function to check and reconnect WiFi

// Helper function to clear a text area on TFT
void clearTextArea(int x, int y, int w, int h) {
    tft.fillRect(x, y, w, h, BLACK);
}

// HTML page stored in PROGMEM (Improved Web Dashboard UI/UX) - Modified to include Factory Reset Button
const char index_html[] PROGMEM = R"rawliteral(
`
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Prepaid Energy Monitor Pro</title>
    <style>
        /* Modern Professional Color Palette */
        :root {
            --primary: #0a2463;
            --secondary: #3e92cc;
            --accent: #2dc653;
            --warning: #ffb400;
            --danger: #d64045;
            --dark: #1e1f26;
            --light: #f8f9fa;
            --gray-100: #f0f2f5;
            --gray-200: #e9ecef;
            --gray-300: #dee2e6;
            --gray-400: #ced4da;
            --gray-500: #adb5bd;
            --gray-600: #6c757d;
            --gray-700: #495057;
            --gray-800: #343a40;
            --text: #212529;
            --box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
            --card-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
            --transition: all 0.2s ease;
        }

        * {
            margin: 0;
            padding: 0;
            box-sizing: border-box;
        }

        body {
            font-family: 'Roboto', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
            background-color: var(--gray-100);
            color: var(--text);
            line-height: 1.6;
        }

        .dashboard-container {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: 240px 1fr;
            min-height: 100vh;
        }

        /* Sidebar */
        .sidebar {
            background-color: var(--primary);
            color: white;
            padding-top: 20px;
            position: fixed;
            height: 100vh;
            width: 240px;
            z-index: 100;
            box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);
        }

        .brand {
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            padding: 0 20px 20px;
            border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
        }

        .brand-icon {
            font-size: 24px;
            margin-right: 10px;
        }

        .brand-name {
            font-size: 18px;
            font-weight: 600;
        }

        .nav-menu {
            list-style: none;
            padding: 20px 0;
        }

        .nav-item {
            padding: 0 15px;
            margin-bottom: 5px;
        }

        .nav-link {
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            padding: 12px 15px;
            color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
            text-decoration: none;
            border-radius: 5px;
            transition: var(--transition);
        }

        .nav-link:hover {
            background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
            color: white;
        }

        .nav-link.active {
            background-color: var(--secondary);
            color: white;
        }

        .nav-icon {
            margin-right: 10px;
            width: 20px;
            text-align: center;
        }

        /* Main Content */
        .main-content {
            grid-column: 2;
            padding: 20px;
        }

        .page-header {
            padding: 15px 0;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
            display: flex;
            justify-content: space-between;
            align-items: center;
        }

        .page-title {
            font-size: 24px;
            font-weight: 500;
            color: var(--dark);
        }

        .page-subtitle {
            font-size: 14px;
            color: var(--gray-600);
            margin-top: 5px;
        }

        /* Cards & Grids */
        .card-grid {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr));
            gap: 20px;
            margin-bottom: 25px;
        }

        .card {
            background-color: white;
            border-radius: 10px;
            box-shadow: var(--card-shadow);
            padding: 20px;
            transition: var(--transition);
        }

        .card:hover {
            box-shadow: 0 10px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);
            transform: translateY(-2px);
        }

        .card-header {
            display: flex;
            justify-content: space-between;
            align-items: center;
            margin-bottom: 15px;
        }

        .card-title {
            font-size: 16px;
            font-weight: 500;
            color: var(--gray-700);
        }

        .card-icon {
            font-size: 18px;
            width: 36px;
            height: 36px;
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            justify-content: center;
            border-radius: 50%;
            background-color: var(--secondary);
            color: white;
        }

        .dashboard-value {
            font-size: 32px;
            font-weight: 600;
            color: var(--primary);
            margin: 10px 0;
        }

        .unit {
            font-size: 16px;
            font-weight: normal;
            color: var(--gray-600);
        }

        .trend {
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            font-size: 14px;
            color: var(--gray-600);
        }

        .trend-up {
            color: var(--accent);
        }

        .trend-down {
            color: var(--danger);
        }

        /* Status Indicators */
        .status-card {
            display: flex;
            flex-direction: column;
            height: 100%;
        }

        .status-indicators {
            flex-grow: 1;
        }

        .status-item {
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            padding: 12px 0;
            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-200);
        }

        .status-item:last-child {
            border-bottom: none;
        }

        .status-indicator {
            width: 12px;
            height: 12px;
            border-radius: 50%;
            margin-right: 12px;
        }

        .status-active {
            background-color: var(--accent);
        }

        .status-inactive {
            background-color: var(--gray-500);
        }

        .status-warning {
            background-color: var(--warning);
        }

        .status-danger {
            background-color: var(--danger);
        }

        .status-label {
            font-weight: 500;
            flex-grow: 1;
        }

        .status-value {
            font-weight: 600;
        }

        /* Action Areas */
        .action-card {
            height: 100%;
        }

        .action-content {
            padding-top: 10px;
        }

        .input-group {
            display: flex;
            margin-bottom: 15px;
        }

        .input-group .form-input {
            flex-grow: 1;
            border-top-right-radius: 0;
            border-bottom-right-radius: 0;
        }

        .input-group .input-append {
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            padding: 0 12px;
            background-color: var(--gray-200);
            border: 1px solid var(--gray-300);
            border-left: none;
            border-top-right-radius: 5px;
            border-bottom-right-radius: 5px;
            color: var(--gray-700);
        }

        /* Forms */
        .form-group {
            margin-bottom: 20px;
        }

        .form-label {
            display: block;
            margin-bottom: 8px;
            font-weight: 500;
            color: var(--gray-700);
        }

        .form-input {
            width: 100%;
            padding: 10px 12px;
            border: 1px solid var(--gray-300);
            border-radius: 5px;
            font-size: 14px;
            transition: var(--transition);
        }

        .form-input:focus {
            outline: none;
            border-color: var(--secondary);
            box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(62, 146, 204, 0.1);
        }

        /* Buttons */
        .btn {
            display: inline-block;
            font-weight: 500;
            text-align: center;
            vertical-align: middle;
            cursor: pointer;
            border: 1px solid transparent;
            padding: 10px 16px;
            font-size: 14px;
            line-height: 1.5;
            border-radius: 5px;
            transition: var(--transition);
        }

        .btn-primary {
            color: white;
            background-color: var(--secondary);
            border-color: var(--secondary);
        }

        .btn-primary:hover {
            background-color: #3182b8;
            border-color: #3182b8;
        }

        .btn-success {
            color: white;
            background-color: var(--accent);
            border-color: var(--accent);
        }

        .btn-success:hover {
            background-color: #25a745;
            border-color: #25a745;
        }

        .btn-danger {
            color: white;
            background-color: var(--danger);
            border-color: var(--danger);
        }

        .btn-danger:hover {
            background-color: #c13c40;
            border-color: #c13c40;
        }

        .btn-block {
            display: block;
            width: 100%;
        }

        .btn:disabled {
            opacity: 0.65;
            pointer-events: none;
        }

        /* Alerts */
        .alert {
            padding: 12px 15px;
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            border-radius: 5px;
            border: 1px solid transparent;
            font-size: 14px;
        }

        .alert-success {
            color: #155724;
            background-color: #d4edda;
            border-color: #c3e6cb;
        }

        .alert-danger {
            color: #721c24;
            background-color: #f8d7da;
            border-color: #f5c6cb;
        }

        .alert-warning {
            color: #856404;
            background-color: #fff3cd;
            border-color: #ffeeba;
        }

        /* Settings */
        .settings-section {
            margin-bottom: 25px;
        }

        .settings-header {
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
            margin-bottom: 15px;
            padding-bottom: 10px;
            border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-300);
        }

        .settings-icon {
            margin-right: 10px;
            color: var(--secondary);
        }

        .settings-title {
            font-size: 18px;
            font-weight: 500;
        }

        .settings-grid {
            display: grid;
            grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(320px, 1fr));
            gap: 20px;
        }

        /* Hide sections */
        .page-section {
            display: none;
        }

        .page-section.active {
            display: block;
        }

        /* Footer */
        .dashboard-footer {
            margin-top: 30px;
            padding-top: 15px;
            border-top: 1px solid var(--gray-300);
            color: var(--gray-600);
            font-size: 14px;
            text-align: center;
        }

        /* Responsive */
        @media (max-width: 992px) {
            .dashboard-container {
                grid-template-columns: 1fr;
            }
            .sidebar {
                display: none;
            }
            .main-content {
                grid-column: 1;
            }
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <div class="dashboard-container">
        <!-- Sidebar Navigation -->
        <div class="sidebar">
            <div class="brand">
                <div class="brand-icon">⚡</div>
                <div class="brand-name">EnergyPro</div>
            </div>
            <ul class="nav-menu">
                <li class="nav-item">
                    <a href="#dashboard" class="nav-link active" onclick="showPage('dashboard')">
                        <span class="nav-icon">📊</span>
                        <span>Dashboard</span>
                    </a>
                </li>
                <li class="nav-item">
                    <a href="#account" class="nav-link" onclick="showPage('account')">
                        <span class="nav-icon">💰</span>
                        <span>Account</span>
                    </a>
                </li>
                <li class="nav-item">
                    <a href="#control" class="nav-link" onclick="showPage('control')">
                        <span class="nav-icon">🎮</span>
                        <span>Control</span>
                    </a>
                </li>
                <li class="nav-item">
                    <a href="#settings" class="nav-link" onclick="showPage('settings')">
                        <span class="nav-icon">⚙️</span>
                        <span>Settings</span>
                    </a>
                </li>
                <li class="nav-item">
                    <a href="#reports" class="nav-link" onclick="showPage('reports')">
                        <span class="nav-icon">📈</span>
                        <span>Reports</span>
                    </a>
                </li>
                <li class="nav-item">
                    <a href="#help" class="nav-link" onclick="showPage('help')">
                        <span class="nav-icon">❓</span>
                        <span>Help</span>
                    </a>
                </li>
            </ul>
        </div>

        <!-- Main Content Area -->
        <div class="main-content">
            <!-- Dashboard Section -->
            <div id="dashboard-section" class="page-section active">
                <div class="page-header">
                    <div>
                        <h1 class="page-title">Energy Dashboard</h1>
                        <p class="page-subtitle">Real-time monitoring of your prepaid energy system</p>
                    </div>
                    <div id="update-timestamp">Last updated: --:--:--</div>
                </div>

                <!-- Metric Cards -->
                <div class="card-grid">
                    <div class="card">
                        <div class="card-header">
                            <h3 class="card-title">BALANCE</h3>
                            <div class="card-icon">₹</div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="dashboard-value" id="balance">--<span class="unit">₹</span></div>
                        <div class="trend">Available credit</div>
                    </div>

                    <div class="card">
                        <div class="card-header">
                            <h3 class="card-title">VOLTAGE</h3>
                            <div class="card-icon">V</div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="dashboard-value" id="voltage">--<span class="unit">V</span></div>
                        <div class="trend">Line voltage</div>
                    </div>

                    <div class="card">
                        <div class="card-header">
                            <h3 class="card-title">CURRENT</h3>
                            <div class="card-icon">A</div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="dashboard-value" id="current">--<span class="unit">A</span></div>
                        <div class="trend">Line current</div>
                    </div>

                    <div class="card">
                        <div class="card-header">
                            <h3 class="card-title">POWER</h3>
                            <div class="card-icon">W</div>
                        </div>
                        <div class="dashboard-value" id="power">--<span class="unit">W</span></div>
                        <div class="trend">Active power</div>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <!-- Status and Control Cards -->
                <div class="card-grid">
                    <div class="card status-card">
                        <div class="card-header">
                            <h3 class="card-title">SYSTEM STATUS</h3>
                        </div>
                        <div class="status-indicators">
                            <div class="status-item">
                                <div class="status-indicator" id="power-indicator"></div>
                                <div class="status-label">Power</div>
                                <div class="status-value" id="power-status">--</div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="status-item">
                                <div class="status-indicator" id="fault-indicator"></div>
                                <div class="status-label">Fault Status</div>
                                <div class="status-value" id="fault-status">--</div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="status-item">
                                <div class="status-indicator" id="theft-indicator"></div>
                                <div class="status-label">Theft Detection</div>
                                <div class="status-value" id="theft-status">--</div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="status-item">
                                <div class="status-indicator status-active"></div>
                                <div class="status-label">Total Energy</div>
                                <div class="status-value" id="energy-value">-- kWh</div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>

                    <div class="card action-card">
                        <div class="card-header">
                            <h3 class="card-title">QUICK ACTIONS</h3>
                        </div>
                        <div class="action-content">
                            <div id="power-control-alert" style="display:none;" class="alert"></div>
                            <p style="margin-bottom:15px;">Control power supply to your premises</p>
                            <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;margin-bottom:20px;">
                                <button id="power-on-btn" class="btn btn-success" onclick="setRelay(1)" style="flex:1;" disabled>Power ON</button>
                                <button id="power-off-btn" class="btn btn-danger" onclick="setRelay(0)" style="flex:1;" disabled>Power OFF</button>
                            </div>

                            <p style="margin-bottom:15px;">Quick recharge your account</p>
                            <div class="input-group">
                                <input type="number" id="quick-recharge-amount" class="form-input" value="100" min="10" step="10">
                                <div class="input-append">₹</div>
                            </div>
                            <button class="btn btn-primary btn-block" onclick="quickRecharge()">Recharge Now</button>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <!-- Account Section -->
            <div id="account-section" class="page-section">
                <div class="page-header">
                    <div>
                        <h1 class="page-title">Account Management</h1>
                        <p class="page-subtitle">Manage your prepaid account balance and transactions</p>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div class="card-grid">
                    <div class="card">
                        <div class="card-header">
                            <h3 class="card-title">ACCOUNT BALANCE</h3>
                        </div>
                        <div class="dashboard-value" id="account-balance">--<span class="unit">₹</span></div>
                        <div class="trend">Available credit</div>
                    </div>

                    <div class="card">
                        <div class="card-header">
                            <h3 class="card-title">CONSUMPTION RATE</h3>
                        </div>
                        <div class="dashboard-value" id="account-balance">--<span class="unit">₹/day</span></div>
                        <div class="trend">Average daily consumption</div>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-header">
                        <h3 class="card-title">RECHARGE ACCOUNT</h3>
                    </div>
                    <div id="recharge-alert" style="display:none;" class="alert"></div>
                    <div class="form-group">
                        <label for="recharge-amount" class="form-label">Recharge Amount</label>
                        <div class="input-group">
                            <input type="number" id="recharge-amount" class="form-input" value="100" min="10" step="10">
                            <div class="input-append">₹</div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                    <button class="btn btn-primary" onclick="rechargeAccount()">Process Recharge</button>
                </div>
            </div>

            <!-- Control Section -->
            <div id="control-section" class="page-section">
                <div class="page-header">
                    <div>
                        <h1 class="page-title">System Control</h1>
                        <p class="page-subtitle">Monitor and control your energy system</p>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div class="card-grid">
                    <div class="card">
                        <div class="card-header">
                            <h3 class="card-title">POWER CONTROL</h3>
                        </div>
                        <div id="relay-control-alert" style="display:none;" class="alert"></div>
                        <p style="margin:15px 0;">Current power status: <span id="relay-control-status">Loading...</span></p>
                        <div style="display:flex;gap:10px;">
                            <button id="control-power-on-btn" class="btn btn-success" onclick="setRelay(1)" style="flex:1;" disabled>Turn Power ON</button>
                            <button id="control-power-off-btn" class="btn btn-danger" onclick="setRelay(0)" style="flex:1;" disabled>Turn Power OFF</button>
                        </div>
                    </div>

                    <div class="card">
                        <div class="card-header">
                            <h3 class="card-title">SYSTEM STATUS</h3>
                        </div>
                        <div class="status-indicators">
                            <div class="status-item">
                                <div class="status-indicator" id="control-voltage-indicator"></div>
                                <div class="status-label">Voltage Status</div>
                                <div class="status-value" id="control-voltage-status">--</div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="status-item">
                                <div class="status-indicator" id="control-current-indicator"></div>
                                <div class="status-label">Current Status</div>
                                <div class="status-value" id="control-current-status">--</div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="status-item">
                                <div class="status-indicator" id="control-fault-indicator"></div>
                                <div class="status-label">Fault Status</div>
                                <div class="status-value" id="control-fault-status">--</div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="status-item">
                                <div class="status-indicator" id="control-theft-indicator"></div>
                                <div class="status-label">Theft Detection</div>
                                <div class="status-value" id="control-theft-status">--</div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <!-- Settings Section -->
            <div id="settings-section" class="page-section">
                <div class="page-header">
                    <div>
                        <h1 class="page-title">System Settings</h1>
                        <p class="page-subtitle">Configure thresholds and system parameters</p>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div id="threshold-alert" style="display:none;" class="alert"></div>

                <form id="threshold-form">
                    <div class="card settings-section">
                        <div class="settings-header">
                            <span class="settings-icon">⚠️</span>
                            <h3 class="settings-title">Safety Thresholds</h3>
                        </div>
                        <div class="settings-grid">
                            <div class="form-group">
                                <label for="overVoltage" class="form-label">Over Voltage Threshold</label>
                                <div class="input-group">
                                    <input type="number" id="overVoltage" name="overVoltage" class="form-input" value="260" step="1">
                                    <div class="input-append">V</div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="form-group">
                                <label for="overCurrent" class="form-label">Over Current Threshold</label>
                                <div class="input-group">
                                    <input type="number" id="overCurrent" name="overCurrent" class="form-input" value="10.00" step="0.1">
                                    <div class="input-append">A</div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>

                    <div class="card settings-section">
                        <div class="settings-header">
                            <span class="settings-icon">🔒</span>
                            <h3 class="settings-title">Security Settings</h3>
                        </div>
                        <div class="settings-grid">
                            <div class="form-group">
                                <label for="theftCurrent" class="form-label">Theft Detection Threshold</label>
                                <div class="input-group">
                                    <input type="number" id="theftCurrent" name="theftCurrent" class="form-input" value="0.020" step="0.001">
                                    <div class="input-append">A</div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>

                    <div class="card settings-section">
                        <div class="settings-header">
                            <span class="settings-icon">💰</span>
                            <h3 class="settings-title">Billing Settings</h3>
                        </div>
                        <div class="settings-grid">
                            <div class="form-group">
                                <label for="minBalance" class="form-label">Minimum Balance Threshold</label>
                                <div class="input-group">
                                    <input type="number" id="minBalance" name="minBalance" class="form-input" value="0.00" step="1">
                                    <div class="input-append">₹</div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                            <div class="form-group">
                                <label for="costPerKWh" class="form-label">Cost per kWh</label>
                                <div class="input-group">
                                    <input type="number" id="costPerKWh" name="costPerKWh" class="form-input" value="0.20" step="0.01">
                                    <div class="input-append">₹</div>
                                </div>
                            </div>
                        </div>
                    </div>

                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" onclick="setThresholds()">Save All Settings</button>
                </form>

                 <!-- Factory Reset Button -->
                <div class="card settings-section">
                    <div class="settings-header">
                        <span class="settings-icon" style="color: var(--danger);">⚠️</span>
                        <h3 class="settings-title" style="color: var(--danger);">Factory Reset</h3>
                    </div>
                    <p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px;">Reset all settings to default and clear energy data. This action is irreversible.</p>
                    <button type="button" class="btn btn-danger" onclick="factoryReset()">Factory Reset</button>
                    <div id="factory-reset-alert" style="display:none;" class="alert"></div>
                </div>

            </div>

            <!-- Reports Section (placeholder) -->
            <div id="reports-section" class="page-section">
                <div class="page-header">
                    <div>
                        <h1 class="page-title">Reports & Analytics</h1>
                        <p class="page-subtitle">View energy consumption reports and analytics</p>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-header">
                        <h3 class="card-title">ENERGY CONSUMPTION</h3>
                    </div>
                    <p style="text-align:center;padding:40px 0;">Consumption reports and charts will be displayed here</p>
                </div>
            </div>

            <!-- Help Section (placeholder) -->
            <div id="help-section" class="page-section">
                <div class="page-header">
                    <div>
                        <h1 class="page-title">Help & Support</h1>
                        <p class="page-subtitle">Get help with using your prepaid energy monitor</p>
                    </div>
                </div>

                <div class="card">
                    <div class="card-header">
                        <h3 class="card-title">SUPPORT INFORMATION</h3>
                    </div>
                    <p style="text-align:center;padding:40px 0;">Help and support information will be displayed here</p>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="dashboard-footer">
                <p id="update-status">Last Update: --</p>
                <p>Prepaid Energy Monitor Pro © 2025</p>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>

    <script>
        let relayState = false; // Track relay state on client-side

        // Show selected page section
        function showPage(page) {
            // Hide all page sections
            const pageSections = document.querySelectorAll('.page-section');
            pageSections.forEach(section => {
                section.classList.remove('active');
            });

            // Show selected page section
            document.getElementById(page + '-section').classList.add('active');

            // Update active nav link
            const navLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.nav-link');
            navLinks.forEach(link => {
                link.classList.remove('active');
            });
            document.querySelector(`.nav-link[href="#${page}"]`).classList.add('active');

            // Update content for specific pages
            if (page === 'account') {
                const dashboardBalance = document.getElementById('balance').textContent;
                document.getElementById('account-balance').textContent = dashboardBalance;
            }
        }

        function updateValues() {
            fetch('/data')
                .then(response => response.json())
                .then(data => {
                    // Dashboard Section Updates
                    updateDashboardValues(data);
                    updateSystemStatus(data);
                    updatePowerControlUI(data.relayState);

                    // Account Section Updates
                    updateAccountSection(data);

                    // Control Section Updates
                    updateControlSection(data);

                    // Update timestamp
                    const now = new Date();
                    document.getElementById('update-timestamp').textContent = `Last updated: ${now.toLocaleTimeString()}`;
                    document.getElementById('update-status').textContent = `Last Update: ${now.toLocaleTimeString()}`;

                })
                .catch(error => {
                    console.error('Error fetching data:', error);
                    showAlert('Connection error. Retrying...', 'warning', 'main-alert');
                    document.getElementById('update-status').textContent = 'Update Failed';
                });
        }

        function updateDashboardValues(data) {
            updateElement('balance', data.balance.toFixed(2) + '<span class="unit">₹</span>');
            updateElement('voltage', data.voltage.toFixed(1) + '<span class="unit">V</span>');
            updateElement('current', data.current.toFixed(3) + '<span class="unit">A</span>');
            updateElement('power', data.power.toFixed(1) + '<span class="unit">W</span>');
            updateElement('energy-value', data.energy.toFixed(3) + ' kWh');
        }

        function updateSystemStatus(data) {
            updateStatusIndicator('power-indicator', data.relayState ? 'status-active' : 'status-inactive');
            updateElement('power-status', data.relayState ? 'ON' : 'OFF');

            updateStatusIndicator('fault-indicator', data.faultDetected ? 'status-danger' : 'status-active');
            updateElement('fault-status', data.faultDetected ? 'FAULT' : 'OK');

            updateStatusIndicator('theft-indicator', data.theftDetected ? 'status-warning' : 'status-active');
            updateElement('theft-status', data.theftDetected ? 'DETECTED' : 'OK');
        }

        function updatePowerControlUI(serverRelayState) {
            relayState = serverRelayState;
            const onButtonDashboard = document.getElementById('power-on-btn');
            const offButtonDashboard = document.getElementById('power-off-btn');
            const onButtonControl = document.getElementById('control-power-on-btn');
            const offButtonControl = document.getElementById('control-power-off-btn');

            if (relayState) {
                onButtonDashboard.disabled = true;
                offButtonDashboard.disabled = false;
                onButtonControl.disabled = true;
                offButtonControl.disabled = false;
            } else {
                onButtonDashboard.disabled = false;
                offButtonDashboard.disabled = true;
                onButtonControl.disabled = false;
                offButtonControl.disabled = true;
            }

            const relayStatusText = relayState ? 'ON' : 'OFF';
            updateElement('relay-control-status', relayStatusText);
        }


        function updateAccountSection(data) {
            updateElement('account-balance', data.balance.toFixed(2) + '<span class="unit">₹</span>');
            // Example consumption rate calculation (needs actual logic)
            const consumptionRate = (data.energy * data.costPerKWh).toFixed(2); // Example
            updateElement('consumption-rate', consumptionRate + '<span class="unit">₹/day</span>'); // Needs proper daily calculation
        }

        function updateControlSection(data) {
            updateElement('relay-control-status', data.relayState ? 'ON' : 'OFF');

            updateStatusIndicator('control-voltage-indicator', (data.voltage < 180 || data.voltage > 250) ? 'status-warning' : 'status-active');
            updateElement('control-voltage-status', (data.voltage < 180) ? 'LOW' : (data.voltage > 250 ? 'HIGH' : 'OK'));

            updateStatusIndicator('control-current-indicator', (data.current > data.overCurrent) ? 'status-warning' : 'status-active');
            updateElement('control-current-status', (data.current > data.overCurrent) ? 'OVER' : 'OK');

            updateStatusIndicator('control-fault-indicator', data.faultDetected ? 'status-danger' : 'status-active');
            updateElement('control-fault-status', data.faultDetected ? 'FAULT' : 'OK');

            updateStatusIndicator('control-theft-indicator', data.theftDetected ? 'status-warning' : 'status-active');
            updateElement('control-theft-status', data.theftDetected ? 'DETECTED' : 'OK');

            updatePowerControlUI(data.relayState); // Keep control section buttons in sync
        }


        function updateElement(id, html) {
            const element = document.getElementById(id);
            if (element) {
                element.innerHTML = html;
            }
        }

        function updateStatusIndicator(id, className) {
            const indicator = document.getElementById(id);
            if (indicator) {
                indicator.className = 'status-indicator ' + className;
            }
        }


        function setRelay(state) {
            const onButtonDashboard = document.getElementById('power-on-btn');
            const offButtonDashboard = document.getElementById('power-off-btn');
            const onButtonControl = document.getElementById('control-power-on-btn');
            const offButtonControl = document.getElementById('control-power-off-btn');
            const alertElementDashboard = document.getElementById('power-control-alert');
            const alertElementControl = document.getElementById('relay-control-alert');

            // Disable buttons to prevent multiple clicks
            onButtonDashboard.disabled = true;
            offButtonDashboard.disabled = true;
            onButtonControl.disabled = true;
            offButtonControl.disabled = true;

            const alertElement = document.querySelector('.page-section.active').id === 'dashboard-section' ? alertElementDashboard : alertElementControl;

            showAlert('Processing power control...', 'warning', alertElement.id);

            let overrideState = 0; // Assume no override
            if (state === 0) {
                overrideState = 1; // Set override if turning off
            } else {
                overrideState = 0; // Clear override if turning on
            }

            fetch(`/setRelay?state=${state}&override=${overrideState}`, { method: 'POST' })
                .then(response => response.json())
                .then(data => {
                    if (data.success) {
                        updatePowerControlUI(state === 1); // Update UI based on requested state
                        showAlert(`Power turned ${state === 1 ? 'ON' : 'OFF'} successfully.`, 'success', alertElement.id);
                    } else {
                        showAlert('Power control failed: ' + (data.message || 'Unknown error'), 'danger', alertElement.id);
                        updatePowerControlUI(relayState); // Revert UI to previous state if failed
                    }
                     // Re-enable buttons after request completes (or fails)
                    onButtonDashboard.disabled = false;
                    offButtonDashboard.disabled = false;
                    onButtonControl.disabled = false;
                    offButtonControl.disabled = false;
                })
                .catch(error => {
                    console.error('Error controlling relay:', error);
                    showAlert('Relay control error', 'danger', alertElement.id);
                    updatePowerControlUI(relayState); // Revert UI on error
                     // Re-enable buttons even on error
                    onButtonDashboard.disabled = false;
                    offButtonDashboard.disabled = false;
                    onButtonControl.disabled = false;
                    offButtonControl.disabled = false;
                });
        }


        function rechargeAccount() {
            const amount = document.getElementById('recharge-amount').value;
            const rechargeAlert = document.getElementById('recharge-alert');
            const rechargeButton = document.querySelector('#recharge-alert + button.btn-primary, #account-section button.btn-primary');

            rechargeButton.disabled = true; // Disable recharge button during request
            showAlert('Processing recharge...', 'warning', 'recharge-alert');


            fetch(`/recharge?amount=${amount}`, { method: 'POST' })
                .then(response => response.json())
                .then(data => {
                    if (data.success) {
                        showAlert(`Recharge successful. New balance: ₹${data.balance.toFixed(2)}`, 'success', 'recharge-alert');
                        updateElement('balance', data.balance.toFixed(2) + '<span class="unit">₹</span>');
                        updateElement('account-balance', data.balance.toFixed(2) + '<span class="unit">₹</span>');
                    } else {
                        showAlert('Recharge failed. ' + (data.message || 'Please try again.'), 'danger', 'recharge-alert');
                    }
                    rechargeButton.disabled = false; // Re-enable button after request completes
                })
                .catch(error => {
                    console.error('Recharge error:', error);
                    showAlert('Recharge error. Please try again.', 'danger', 'recharge-alert');
                    rechargeButton.disabled = false; // Re-enable button even on error
                });
        }

        function quickRecharge() {
            const amount = document.getElementById('quick-recharge-amount').value;
            const rechargeAlert = document.getElementById('recharge-alert');
            const rechargeButton = document.querySelector('#dashboard-section .action-card button.btn-primary');

            rechargeButton.disabled = true;
            showAlert('Processing recharge...', 'warning', 'power-control-alert');


            fetch(`/recharge?amount=${amount}`, { method: 'POST' })
                .then(response => response.json())
                .then(data => {
                    if (data.success) {
                        showAlert(`Recharge successful. New balance: ₹${data.balance.toFixed(2)}`, 'success', 'power-control-alert');
                        updateElement('balance', data.balance.toFixed(2) + '<span class="unit">₹</span>');
                        updateElement('account-balance', data.balance.toFixed(2) + '<span class="unit">₹</span>');
                    } else {
                        showAlert('Recharge failed. ' + (data.message || 'Please try again.'), 'danger', 'power-control-alert');
                    }
                    rechargeButton.disabled = false;
                })
                .catch(error => {
                    console.error('Recharge error:', error);
                    showAlert('Recharge error. Please try again.', 'danger', 'power-control-alert');
                    rechargeButton.disabled = false;
                });
        }


        function showAlert(message, type, alertElementId) {
            const alertDiv = document.getElementById(alertElementId);
            if(alertDiv) {
                alertDiv.textContent = message;
                alertDiv.className = `alert alert-${type}`;
                alertDiv.style.display = 'block';
                setTimeout(() => {
                    alertDiv.style.display = 'none';
                }, 5000);
            }
        }

        function setThresholds() {
            const form = document.getElementById('threshold-form');
            const formData = new FormData(form); // Use FormData to easily collect form data
            const thresholdAlert = document.getElementById('threshold-alert');
            const saveButton = document.querySelector('#threshold-form button.btn-primary'); // Select save button
            const data = {};
            formData.forEach((value, key) => {
                data[key] = parseFloat(value); // Convert string values from form to floats
            });

            saveButton.disabled = true; // Disable save button during request
            showAlert('Saving settings...', 'warning', 'threshold-alert');


            fetch('/setThresholds', {
                method: 'POST',
                headers: {
                    'Content-Type': 'application/json' // Set content type to JSON
                },
                body: JSON.stringify(data) // Send form data as JSON
            })
            .then(response => response.json())
            .then(responseData => {
                if (responseData.success) {
                    showAlert('Settings updated successfully.', 'success', 'threshold-alert');
                    // Optionally update displayed threshold values on the page if you wish
                } else {
                    showAlert('Failed to update settings: ' + (responseData.message || 'Unknown error'), 'danger', 'threshold-alert');
                }
                saveButton.disabled = false; // Re-enable button after request completes
            })
            .catch(error => {
                console.error('Error setting thresholds:', error);
                showAlert('Error updating settings. Please try again.', 'danger', 'threshold-alert');
                saveButton.disabled = false; // Re-enable button even on error
            });
        }

        function factoryReset() {
            const resetAlert = document.getElementById('factory-reset-alert');
            const resetButton = document.querySelector('#settings-section button.btn-danger');

            resetButton.disabled = true;
            showAlert('Performing factory reset...', 'warning', 'factory-reset-alert');

            fetch('/factoryReset', { method: 'POST' })
                .then(response => response.json())
                .then(data => {
                    if (data.success) {
                        showAlert('Factory reset successful. System restarting...', 'success', 'factory-reset-alert');
                        setTimeout(() => {
                            window.location.href = '/login'; // Redirect to login page after reset
                        }, 3000); // Wait 3 seconds before redirecting and restarting ESP
                    } else {
                        showAlert('Factory reset failed: ' + (data.message || 'Unknown error'), 'danger', 'factory-reset-alert');
                    }
                    resetButton.disabled = false;
                })
                .catch(error => {
                    console.error('Factory reset error:', error);
                    showAlert('Factory reset error. Please try again.', 'danger', 'factory-reset-alert');
                    resetButton.disabled = false;
                });
        }


        // Initial update and set interval
        updateValues();
        setInterval(updateValues, 3000); // Update every 3 seconds

        // Set initial page to dashboard
        showPage('dashboard');
    </script>
</body>
</html>
)rawliteral";


// Login page HTML (No changes needed unless further UI/UX improvements are desired)
const char login_html[] PROGMEM = R"rawliteral(
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <title>Login - ESP32 Prepaid Energy Monitor</title>
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.4.0/css/all.min.css">
  <style>
    :root {
      --primary-color: #3498db;
      --secondary-color: #2c3e50;
      --background-color: #f5f7fa;
      --card-background: #ffffff;
      --text-color: #333333;
      --text-light: #7f8c8d;
      --shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
      --transition: all 0.3s ease;
    }

body {
  font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;
  background-color: var(--background-color);
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
  color: var(--text-color);
  line-height: 1.6;
}

.login-container {
  max-width: 400px;
  margin: 100px auto;
  background: var(--card-background);
  padding: 30px;
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.login-container h2 {
  text-align: center;
  color: var(--secondary-color);
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.login-container h2 i {
  margin-right: 10px;
  color: var(--primary-color);
}

.form-group {
  margin-bottom: 20px;
}

.form-group label {
  display: block;
  margin-bottom: 5px;
  font-weight: bold;
  color: var(--secondary-color);
}

.form-group input {
  width: 100%;
  padding: 10px;
  border: 1px solid #ddd;
  border-radius: 4px;
  font-size: 16px;
}

.button {
  background: linear-gradient(to right, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color));
  color: white;
  border: none;
  padding: 12px 24px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  cursor: pointer;
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: bold;
  transition: var(--transition);
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  width: 100%;
  justify-content: center;
}

.button i {
  margin-right: 8px;
}

.button:hover {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
  box-shadow: 0 6px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

.alert {
  padding: 10px 15px;
  border-radius: 4px;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  font-size: 14px;
}

.alert-danger {
  background-color: #f8d7da;
  color: #721c24;
  border: 1px solid #f5c6cb;
}
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div class="login-container">
    <h2><i class="fas fa-lock"></i> Login</h2>

<div id="error-message" class="alert alert-danger" style="display: none;">
  Invalid username or password
</div>

<form action="/login" method="post">
  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="username">Username</label>
    <input type="text" id="username" name="username" required>
  </div>

  <div class="form-group">
    <label for="password">Password</label>
    <input type="password" id="password" name="password" required>
  </div>

  <button type="submit" class="button">
    <i class="fas fa-sign-in-alt"></i> Login
  </button>
</form>
  </div>

  <script>// Check for error parameter in URL
    const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
    if (urlParams.has('error')) {
      document.getElementById('error-message').style.display = 'block';
    }
  </script>

</body>
</html>
)rawliteral";


void setup() {
// Initialize serial communication
Serial.begin(115200);
delay(500);

// Initialize EEPROM
EEPROM.begin(EEPROM_SIZE);

// Initialize relay pin
pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT);
digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, relayState ? HIGH : LOW);

// Initialize Button Pin
pinMode(BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);

// Initialize TFT display
tft.initR(INITR_BLACKTAB);
tft.setRotation(1); // Adjust rotation if needed for your display
tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
tft.setTextWrap(false);

// Display startup sequence
displayStartupSequence();

// Load saved balance and thresholds from EEPROM
loadBalance();
loadThresholds();

// Configure WiFi (Simplified)
configureWiFi();

// Store IP address as string
if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
    ipAddressStr = WiFi.localIP().toString();
    showNotification("IP: " + ipAddressStr, GREEN, 5000);
} else {
    showNotification("WiFi Failed to connect", RED, 5000);
}

// Set up web server routes
server.on("/", HTTP_GET, handleRoot);
server.on("/login", HTTP_GET,  [](){
    server.send(200, "text/html", login_html);
});
server.on("/login", HTTP_POST, handleLogin);
server.on("/data", HTTP_GET, handleData);
server.on("/recharge", HTTP_POST, handleRecharge);
server.on("/reset", HTTP_POST, handleReset);
server.on("/setRelay", HTTP_POST, handleSetRelay);
server.on("/setThresholds", HTTP_POST, handleSetThresholds); // New handler for thresholds
server.on("/factoryReset", HTTP_POST, handleFactoryReset); // New handler for factory reset
server.onNotFound(handleNotFound);

// Start web server
server.begin();

// Show notification
showNotification("System Ready", GREEN, 3000);

}

void loop() {
// Handle web server client requests
server.handleClient();

// Read PZEM data at specified intervals
if (millis() - lastReadTime >= measurementInterval) {
    readPzemData();
    lastReadTime = millis();

    // Check for faults and theft
    checkFaultsAndTheft();

    // Control relay
    controlRelay();
}

// Update balance based on energy usage
if (millis() - balanceUpdateTime >= BALANCE_UPDATE_INTERVAL) {
    updateBalance();
    balanceUpdateTime = millis();
    saveBalance();
}

// **Button Handling for Page Change and Manual Relay Override**
int reading = digitalRead(BUTTON_PIN);
bool currentButtonState = (reading == LOW); // Button is active low

if (currentButtonState && !lastButtonState) { // Button pressed
    if (millis() - lastButtonPress > debounceDelay) {
        lastButtonPress = millis();
        buttonPressStartTime = millis();
        manualRelayControlActive = true; // Start checking for long press
    }
} else if (!currentButtonState && lastButtonState) { // Button released
    if (manualRelayControlActive) {
        if (millis() - buttonPressStartTime >= 1000) { // Long press detected (3 seconds)
            manualOverride = !manualOverride; // Toggle manual override state
            relayState = !relayState; // Toggle relay state
            digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, relayState ? LOW : HIGH);
            showNotification(relayState ? "Manual Relay ON" : "Manual Relay OFF", YELLOW);
            // Web server will reflect state on next /data request
        } else {
            displayPage = (displayPage + 1) % 2; // Toggle page on short press
            pageChangeTime = millis();
            layoutDrawn = false; // Redraw layout for new page if needed
        }
        manualRelayControlActive = false;
    }
}
lastButtonState = currentButtonState;


// Update display with page switching
if (millis() - screenRefreshTime >= SCREEN_REFRESH_INTERVAL) {
    screenRefreshTime = millis();
    if (!layoutDrawn) {
        drawLayout(); // Draw common layout elements (title, separators) - Draw only once per page change
        layoutDrawn = true;
    }

    if (millis() - pageChangeTime >= PAGE_INTERVAL) {
       // Automatic page switch removed due to button implementation, keep it on current page until button press
       // displayPage = (displayPage + 1) % 2; // Switch between 2 pages (0 and 1) - Removed Automatic switching
       pageChangeTime = millis(); //reset page change timer, even if not auto-switching now
    }

    updateDisplayValues(); // Update dynamic values on the current page - Update only values, not full page redraw
}

// Clear notification if display time has elapsed
if (notificationEndTime > 0 && millis() >= notificationEndTime) {
    clearNotification();
}

// Periodic notifications every 5 minutes
if (millis() - lastNotificationTime >= NOTIFICATION_INTERVAL) {
    if (faultDetected) {
        showNotification("Fault Detected! Check System.", RED);
    } else if (theftDetected) {
        showNotification("Theft Detected! Investigate.", RED);
    } else if (balance <= minimumBalance) { // Use variable threshold
        showNotification("Low Balance! Recharge Soon.", YELLOW);
    } else if (!pzemConnected) {
        showNotification("PZEM Disconnected!", RED);
    } else if (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
        showNotification("WiFi Disconnected!", RED);
    }
    // Add other conditions for different types of notifications as needed.

    lastNotificationTime = millis();
}

// Check WiFi connection periodically and attempt to reconnect
checkWiFiConnection();

}

// Function to check WiFi connection and reconnect if necessary
void checkWiFiConnection() {
    if (millis() - lastWifiCheckTime >= WIFI_RECHECK_INTERVAL) {
        lastWifiCheckTime = millis();
        if (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
            Serial.println("WiFi Disconnected. Attempting reconnection...");
            WiFi.reconnect();
            showNotification("WiFi Disconnected! Reconnecting...", YELLOW);
            // Optionally add a timeout for reconnection attempts to avoid indefinite blocking
        } else if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED && currentNotification.startsWith("WiFi Disconnected!")) {
            showNotification("WiFi Reconnected!", GREEN);
        }
    }
}


// Read data from PZEM sensor
void readPzemData() {
readings.voltage = pzem.voltage();
readings.current = pzem.current();
readings.power = pzem.power();
readings.energy = pzem.energy();

// Determine if reading is valid (voltage is used as indicator)
readings.isValid = !(isnan(readings.voltage) || readings.voltage < 1.0);

// Update connection status
bool newConnectionStatus = readings.isValid;
if (pzemConnected != newConnectionStatus) {
    pzemConnected = newConnectionStatus;
    if (pzemConnected) {
        showNotification("PZEM Connected", GREEN);
    } else {
        showNotification("PZEM Disconnected", RED);
    }
}

// Debug output
printDebugInfo("PZEM Reading", readings.isValid);

}

// Draw common layout elements (Title, separators, static labels) - Reduced redraw to title and separator only
void drawLayout() {
    tft.fillScreen(BLACK); // Clear the whole screen only on page change for clean transition
    tft.setTextSize(1);

    // Title Bar - Compact for 1.8 inch display
    setTextProperties(tft, YELLOW);
    tft.setCursor(2, 2);
    tft.print("ENERGY METER");
    tft.drawFastHLine(0, 14, tft.width(), BLUE); // Header bar background

    // Page Content Area (below title bar)
    if (displayPage == 0) {
        drawLiveDataPage(); // Draw Live Data Page elements
    } else if (displayPage == 1) {
        drawAlertsPage();  // Draw Alerts Page elements
    }
    layoutDrawn = true; // Ensure layout is marked as drawn after drawing page specific elements
}

// Constants for layout spacing and text positions - Optimized for 1.8 inch display
const int HEADER_HEIGHT = 14;
const int BOX_HEIGHT = 30;
const int BOX_ROUND_RADIUS = 3;
const int BOX_VERTICAL_START = HEADER_HEIGHT + 3;
const int ROW_SPACING = BOX_HEIGHT + 2;
const int LABEL_TEXT_Y_OFFSET = 3;
const int VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET = 18;
const int FOOTER_AREA_HEIGHT = 20;
const int FOOTER_TEXT_Y_OFFSET = 6;


// Draw Live Data Page - Improved Layout with constants
void drawLiveDataPage() {
  // Draw header bar
  tft.fillRect(0, 0, tft.width(), HEADER_HEIGHT, BLUE);
  tft.setTextSize(1);
  setTextProperties(tft, WHITE);
  tft.setCursor(5, 4);
  tft.print("ESP32 PREPAID METER");

  // Row 1: Voltage & Current
  tft.fillRoundRect(2, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 0), tft.width() - 4, BOX_HEIGHT, BOX_ROUND_RADIUS, DARKGRAY);
  tft.drawRoundRect(2, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 0), tft.width() - 4, BOX_HEIGHT, BOX_ROUND_RADIUS, WHITE);

  // Row 2: Power & Energy
  tft.fillRoundRect(2, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 1), tft.width() - 4, BOX_HEIGHT, BOX_ROUND_RADIUS, DARKGRAY);
  tft.drawRoundRect(2, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 1), tft.width() - 4, BOX_HEIGHT, BOX_ROUND_RADIUS, WHITE);

  // Row 3: Balance & Status (Replaced Frequency & PF)
  tft.fillRoundRect(2, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 2), tft.width() - 4, BOX_HEIGHT, BOX_ROUND_RADIUS, DARKGRAY);
  tft.drawRoundRect(2, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 2), tft.width() - 4, BOX_HEIGHT, BOX_ROUND_RADIUS, WHITE);

  // Draw labels for each row
  tft.setTextSize(1);
  setTextProperties(tft, CYAN);

  // Row 1 labels
  tft.setCursor(5, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 0) + LABEL_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);
  tft.print("VOLTAGE");
  tft.setCursor(tft.width() / 2 + 5, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 0) + LABEL_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);
  tft.print("CURRENT");

  // Row 2 labels
  tft.setCursor(5, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 1) + LABEL_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);
  tft.print("POWER");
  tft.setCursor(tft.width() / 2 + 5, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 1) + LABEL_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);
  tft.print("ENERGY");

  // Row 3 labels (Balance & Status)
  tft.setCursor(5, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 2) + LABEL_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);
  tft.print("BALANCE");
  tft.setCursor(tft.width() / 2 + 5, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 2) + LABEL_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);
  tft.print("STATUS");

  // Draw notification area and IP address at bottom
  tft.drawRect(2, 113, tft.width() - 4, FOOTER_AREA_HEIGHT, WHITE);

  // Display IP address in footer
  tft.setTextSize(1);
  setTextProperties(tft, GREEN);
  tft.setCursor(5, 113 + FOOTER_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);
  tft.print("IP: ");

  // Use stored IP address string
  if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
    tft.print(ipAddressStr);
  } else {
    setTextProperties(tft, RED);
    tft.print("Not Connected");
     setTextProperties(tft, GREEN); // Reset color for IP: prefix for next redraw
  }

    // Reset all text buffers when drawing a new page
    memset(lastVoltageText, 0, sizeof(lastVoltageText));
    memset(lastCurrentText, 0, sizeof(lastCurrentText));
    memset(lastPowerText, 0, sizeof(lastPowerText));
    memset(lastEnergyText, 0, sizeof(lastEnergyText));
    memset(lastBalanceText, 0, sizeof(lastBalanceText));
    memset(lastStatusText, 0, sizeof(lastStatusText));
}

void drawAlertsPage() {
    tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
    tft.setTextSize(2);
    setTextProperties(tft, YELLOW);

    tft.setCursor(5, 10);
    tft.print("ALERTS");
    tft.drawFastHLine(0, 30, tft.width(), DARKGRAY);

    setTextProperties(tft, CYAN);
    int y_offset = 40;

    tft.setTextSize(1);
    setTextProperties(tft, CYAN); // Set color for labels on Alerts page
    tft.setCursor(5, 40);
    tft.print("Over Voltage Limit:");
    tft.setCursor(5, 55);
    tft.print("Over Current Limit:");
    tft.setCursor(5, 70);
    tft.print("Theft Current:");
    tft.setCursor(5, 85);
    tft.print("Min Balance:");


    // Footer with smaller text
    tft.setTextSize(1);
    setTextProperties(tft, DARKGRAY);
    tft.setCursor(5, tft.height() - 10);
    tft.print("2/2");

    // Reset alert text buffers
    memset(lastFaultText, 0, sizeof(lastFaultText));
    memset(lastTheftText, 0, sizeof(lastTheftText));
}

void updateDisplayValues() {
    if (displayPage == 0) { // Live Data Page
        int x_value_start_left = 5;
        int x_value_start_right = tft.width() / 2 + 5;
        char newText[20]; // Increased buffer size for values with units

        tft.setTextSize(1);
        setTextProperties(tft, WHITE);

        // Row 1: Voltage
        tft.fillRect(x_value_start_left, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 0) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET, tft.width()/2 - 10, BOX_HEIGHT - VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET - 2, BLACK);
        tft.setCursor(x_value_start_left, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 0) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);
        if (readings.isValid) {
            sprintf(newText, "%.1fV", readings.voltage);
            tft.print(newText);
            strcpy(lastVoltageText, newText);
        } else {
            tft.print("0.0V"); // Display 0.0V when no reading
            strcpy(lastVoltageText, "0.0V");
        }


        // Row 1: Current
        tft.fillRect(x_value_start_right, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 0) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET, tft.width()/2 - 10, BOX_HEIGHT - VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET - 2, BLACK);
        tft.setCursor(x_value_start_right, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 0) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);
        if (readings.isValid) {
            sprintf(newText, "%.3fA", readings.current);
            tft.print(newText);
            strcpy(lastCurrentText, newText);
        } else {
            tft.print("0.000A"); // Display 0.000A when no reading
            strcpy(lastCurrentText, "0.000A");
        }

        // Row 2: Power
        tft.fillRect(x_value_start_left, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 1) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET, tft.width()/2 - 10, BOX_HEIGHT - VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET - 2, BLACK);
        tft.setCursor(x_value_start_left, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 1) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);
        if (readings.isValid) {
            sprintf(newText, "%.1fW", readings.power);
            tft.print(newText);
            strcpy(lastPowerText, newText);
        } else {
            tft.print("0.0W"); // Display 0.0W when no reading
            strcpy(lastPowerText, "0.0W");
        }


        // Row 2: Energy
        tft.fillRect(x_value_start_right, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 1) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET, tft.width()/2 - 10, BOX_HEIGHT - VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET - 2, BLACK);
        tft.setCursor(x_value_start_right, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 1) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);
        if (readings.isValid) {
            sprintf(newText, "%.2fkWh", readings.energy);
            tft.print(newText);
            strcpy(lastEnergyText, newText);
        } else {
            tft.print("0.00kWh"); // Display 0.00kWh when no reading
            strcpy(lastEnergyText, "0.00kWh");
        }


        // Row 3: Balance
        tft.fillRect(x_value_start_left, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 2) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET, tft.width()/2 - 10, BOX_HEIGHT - VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET - 2, BLACK);
        tft.setCursor(x_value_start_left, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 2) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);
        sprintf(newText, "%.2f Rs", balance);
        tft.print(newText);
        strcpy(lastBalanceText, newText);


        // Row 3: Status
        tft.fillRect(x_value_start_right, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 2) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET, tft.width()/2 - 10, BOX_HEIGHT - VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET - 2, BLACK);
        tft.setCursor(x_value_start_right, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 2) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);

        if (balance <= minimumBalance) {
            setTextProperties(tft, RED);
            strcpy(newText, "LOW BAL");
        } else if (faultDetected) {
            setTextProperties(tft, RED);
            strcpy(newText, "FAULT");
        } else if (theftDetected) {
            setTextProperties(tft, ORANGE); // Use Orange for theft
            strcpy(newText, "THEFT");
        } else if (!pzemConnected) {
            setTextProperties(tft, RED);
            strcpy(newText, "PZEM OFF");
        }
         else if (relayState) {
            setTextProperties(tft, GREEN);
            strcpy(newText, "ACTIVE");
        } else {
            setTextProperties(tft, DARKGRAY); // Use dark gray for OFF status
            strcpy(newText, "OFF");
        }
        tft.print(newText);
        strcpy(lastStatusText, newText);
        setTextProperties(tft, WHITE); // Reset text color to white for other values

    } else if (displayPage == 1) { // Alerts Page
        tft.setTextSize(1);
        setTextProperties(tft, WHITE);
        int x_value_start = 130; // Adjusted x position for values on alerts page

        char newText[20];
        setTextProperties(tft, WHITE); // Set color for threshold values on Alerts page

        tft.fillRect(x_value_start, 40, tft.width() - x_value_start - 5, 8, BLACK);
        tft.setCursor(x_value_start, 40);
        sprintf(newText, "%.1fV", overVoltageThreshold);
        tft.print(newText);

        tft.fillRect(x_value_start, 55, tft.width() - x_value_start - 5, 8, BLACK);
        tft.setCursor(x_value_start, 55);
        sprintf(newText, "%.2fA", overCurrentThreshold);
        tft.print(newText);

        tft.fillRect(x_value_start, 70, tft.width() - x_value_start - 5, 8, BLACK);
        tft.setCursor(x_value_start, 70);
        sprintf(newText, "%.3fA", theftCurrentThreshold);
        tft.print(newText);

        tft.fillRect(x_value_start, 85, tft.width() - x_value_start - 5, 8, BLACK);
        tft.setCursor(x_value_start, 85);
        sprintf(newText, "%.2f Rs", minimumBalance);
        tft.print(newText);
    }

    // Notification area - Moved higher for better visibility
    static unsigned long lastNotificationUpdate = 0;
    static char lastNotificationText[30] = "";
    int notificationY = 113 + FOOTER_TEXT_Y_OFFSET; // Adjusted notification Y

    if (notificationEndTime > 0 && millis() < notificationEndTime) {
        if (strcmp(currentNotification.c_str(), lastNotificationText) != 0 ||
            millis() - lastNotificationUpdate > 500) {

            tft.fillRect(2, 113, tft.width() - 4, FOOTER_AREA_HEIGHT, BLACK); // Clear footer area
            tft.setTextSize(1);
            setTextProperties(tft, notificationColor);
            tft.setCursor(2, notificationY);
            tft.print(currentNotification);

            strcpy(lastNotificationText, currentNotification.c_str());
            lastNotificationUpdate = millis();
        }
    } else if (notificationEndTime > 0 && millis() >= notificationEndTime) {
        // Clear notification when expired
        tft.fillRect(2, 113, tft.width() - 4, FOOTER_AREA_HEIGHT, BLACK); // Clear footer area
        notificationEndTime = 0;
        lastNotificationText[0] = '\0';
        // Redraw IP address after clearing notification
        setTextProperties(tft, GREEN);
        tft.setCursor(5, 113 + FOOTER_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);
        tft.print("IP: ");
        if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
            tft.print(ipAddressStr);
        } else {
            setTextProperties(tft, RED);
            tft.print("Not Connected");
            setTextProperties(tft, GREEN); // Reset color for IP: prefix for next redraw
        }
    }
}

void showNotification(const String& message, uint16_t color, unsigned long duration) {
    currentNotification = message;
    notificationColor = color;
    notificationEndTime = millis() + duration;

    // Notification area positioned higher
    int notificationY = 113 + FOOTER_TEXT_Y_OFFSET;
    tft.fillRect(2, 113, tft.width() - 4, FOOTER_AREA_HEIGHT, BLACK); // Clear footer area
    tft.setTextSize(1);
    setTextProperties(tft, color);
    tft.setCursor(2, notificationY);
    tft.print(message);
}

void clearNotification() {
    // Clear the notification area at its new position
    tft.fillRect(2, 113, tft.width() - 4, FOOTER_AREA_HEIGHT, BLACK);
    notificationEndTime = 0;
    // Redraw IP address after clearing notification
    setTextProperties(tft, GREEN);
    tft.setCursor(5, 113 + FOOTER_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);
    tft.print("IP: ");
    if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
        tft.print(ipAddressStr);
    } else {
        setTextProperties(tft, RED);
        tft.print("Not Connected");
        setTextProperties(tft, GREEN); // Reset color for IP: prefix for next redraw
    }
}

void displayStartupSequence() {
    tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
    tft.setTextSize(2); // Larger text for startup
    setTextProperties(tft, GREEN);

    // Center the title text
    int titleX = (tft.width() - 12*11)/2; // Approximate centering for "ENERGY METER"
    tft.setCursor(titleX > 0 ? titleX : 0, 10);
    tft.print("ENERGY METER");

    tft.setTextSize(1); // Smaller text for status messages
    setTextProperties(tft, WHITE); // Set color for status text to white
    tft.setCursor(5, 35);
    tft.print("Booting...");

    // Progress bar sized appropriately for display
    int barWidth = tft.width() - 10;
    tft.drawRect(5, 45, barWidth, 8, WHITE);

    for (int i = 0; i < barWidth - 4; i += 2) {
        tft.fillRect(7, 47, i, 4, BLUE);
        delay(25);  // Faster animation
    }

    // Status messages positioned better
    clearTextArea(5, 60, tft.width() - 10, 8);
    setTextProperties(tft, WHITE); // Ensure color is set before each text print
    tft.setCursor(5, 60);
    tft.print("Init sensors...");
    delay(300);

    clearTextArea(5, 60, tft.width() - 10, 8);
    setTextProperties(tft, WHITE);
    tft.setCursor(5, 60);
    tft.print("Web server...");
    delay(300);

    clearTextArea(5, 60, tft.width() - 10, 8);
    setTextProperties(tft, WHITE);
    tft.setCursor(5, 60);
    tft.print("System ready!");
    delay(500);
}

void configureWiFi() {
    Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi...");
    WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

    tft.fillScreen(BLACK);
    tft.setTextSize(1); // Smaller text to fit more info
    setTextProperties(tft, WHITE);
    tft.setCursor(5, 10);
    tft.print("Connecting WiFi...");

    // Add a small animation during connection
    int dotCount = 0;
    int timeout = 0;

    while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED && timeout < 30) {
        delay(1000);
        Serial.print(".");

        // Clear animation line and redraw
        tft.fillRect(5, 25, tft.width() - 10, 8, BLACK);
        setTextProperties(tft, WHITE); // Set color before printing dots
        tft.setCursor(5, 25);
        for(int i = 0; i < dotCount; i++) {
            tft.print(".");
        }

        dotCount = (dotCount + 1) % 4; // Cycle between 0-3 dots
        timeout++;
    }

    if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {
        tft.fillRect(5, 25, tft.width() - 10, 16, BLACK);
        setTextProperties(tft, WHITE);
        tft.setCursor(5, 25);
        tft.print("Connected!");
        tft.setCursor(5, 40);
        tft.print(WiFi.localIP().toString());

        Serial.println("\nWiFi Connected!");
        Serial.print("IP address: ");
        Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
    } else {
        tft.fillRect(5, 25, tft.width() - 10, 8, BLACK);
        setTextProperties(tft, RED);
        tft.setCursor(5, 25);
        tft.print("Connection Failed!");

        Serial.println("\nWiFi Connection Failed!");
    }

    delay(1500); // Show the result briefly
}
// Save balance to EEPROM - No changes needed, looks good
void saveBalance() {
EEPROM.writeFloat(BALANCE_ADDR, balance);
EEPROM.writeFloat(ENERGY_ADDR, lastEnergy);
EEPROM.commit();
printDebugInfo("Save Balance", true);
}

// Load balance from EEPROM - No changes needed, looks good
void loadBalance() {
balance = EEPROM.readFloat(BALANCE_ADDR);
lastEnergy = EEPROM.readFloat(ENERGY_ADDR);

// Check if values are valid (not NaN or negative)
if (isnan(balance) || balance < 0) {
    balance = 0.0;
}

if (isnan(lastEnergy) || lastEnergy < 0) {
    lastEnergy = 0.0;
}

printDebugInfo("Load Balance", true);

}

// Save thresholds to EEPROM - No changes needed, looks good
void saveThresholds() {
EEPROM.writeFloat(OVER_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD_ADDR, overVoltageThreshold);
EEPROM.writeFloat(OVER_CURRENT_THRESHOLD_ADDR, overCurrentThreshold);
EEPROM.writeFloat(THEFT_CURRENT_THRESHOLD_ADDR, theftCurrentThreshold);
EEPROM.writeFloat(MINIMUM_BALANCE_ADDR, minimumBalance);
EEPROM.writeFloat(COST_PER_KWH_ADDR, costPerKWh);
EEPROM.commit();
printDebugInfo("Save Thresholds", true);
}

// Load thresholds from EEPROM - No changes needed, looks good
void loadThresholds() {
overVoltageThreshold = EEPROM.readFloat(OVER_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD_ADDR);
overCurrentThreshold = EEPROM.readFloat(OVER_CURRENT_THRESHOLD_ADDR);
theftCurrentThreshold = EEPROM.readFloat(THEFT_CURRENT_THRESHOLD_ADDR);
minimumBalance = EEPROM.readFloat(MINIMUM_BALANCE_ADDR);
costPerKWh = EEPROM.readFloat(COST_PER_KWH_ADDR); // Corrected usage - making sure macro is spelled correctly

// Check if values are valid (not NaN or negative/zero where appropriate)
if (isnan(overVoltageThreshold) || overVoltageThreshold <= 0) {
    overVoltageThreshold = DEFAULT_OVER_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD;
}
if (isnan(overCurrentThreshold) || overCurrentThreshold <= 0) {
    overCurrentThreshold = DEFAULT_OVER_CURRENT_THRESHOLD;
}
if (isnan(theftCurrentThreshold) || theftCurrentThreshold < 0) {
    theftCurrentThreshold = DEFAULT_THEFT_CURRENT_THRESHOLD;
}
if (isnan(minimumBalance) ) { // Minimum balance can be negative if you want to allow credit
    minimumBalance = DEFAULT_MINIMUM_BALANCE;
}
 if (isnan(costPerKWh) || costPerKWh <= 0) {
    costPerKWh = DEFAULT_COST_PER_KWH;
}
printDebugInfo("Load Thresholds", true);

}

// Update balance based on energy consumption - No changes needed, looks good
void updateBalance() {
if (!readings.isValid) return;

float energyUsed = readings.energy - lastEnergy;

// If energy counter was reset or first reading
if (energyUsed < 0) {
    energyUsed = readings.energy;
}

// Calculate cost
float cost = energyUsed * costPerKWh;

// Deduct from balance if relay is on and not manually overridden off
if (relayState && !manualOverride && cost > 0) {
    balance -= cost;

    // Ensure balance doesn't go negative
    if (balance < 0) {
        balance = 0;
    }

    printDebugInfo("Balance Updated", true);
}

// Update last energy reading
lastEnergy = readings.energy;

}

// Check for electrical faults and theft - No changes needed, looks good
void checkFaultsAndTheft() {
if (!readings.isValid) return;

// Check for faults (over voltage or over current)
bool newFaultState = (readings.voltage > overVoltageThreshold ||
                      readings.current > overCurrentThreshold);

// Only show notification if fault state changes
if (newFaultState != faultDetected) {
    faultDetected = newFaultState;
    if (faultDetected) {
        showNotification("Fault Detected!", RED);
    } else {
        showNotification("Fault Cleared", GREEN);
    }
}

// Check for theft (current flowing when relay is off)
bool newTheftState = (!relayState && readings.current > theftCurrentThreshold);

// Only show notification if theft state changes
if (newTheftState != theftDetected) {
    theftDetected = newTheftState;
    if (theftDetected) {
        showNotification("Theft Detected!", RED);
    } else {
        showNotification("Theft Alert Cleared", GREEN);
    }
}

}

// Control relay based on balance and faults - Modified to respect manual override
void controlRelay() {
if (manualOverride) return; // Do not auto-control relay if manually overridden

bool shouldBeOn = (balance > minimumBalance && !faultDetected);

// Only change relay state if needed
if (relayState != shouldBeOn) {
    relayState = shouldBeOn;
    digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, relayState ? LOW : HIGH);

    if (relayState) {
        showNotification("Power Enabled", GREEN);
    } else {
        showNotification("Power Disabled", RED);
    }
}

}

// Print debug information to serial - No changes needed, looks good
void printDebugInfo(const char* action, bool success) {
Serial.print("[");
Serial.print(action);
Serial.print("] ");
if (success) {
Serial.println("Success");
} else {
Serial.println("Failed");
}
}

// Web server handlers - No changes needed, looks good
void handleRoot() {
if (!server.authenticate(admin_username, admin_password)) {
return server.requestAuthentication();
}
server.send(200, "text/html", index_html);
}

void handleLogin() {
if (server.method() != HTTP_POST) {
server.send(405, "text/plain", "Method Not Allowed");
return;
}

if (server.arg("username") == admin_username &&
    server.arg("password") == admin_password) {
    server.sendHeader("Location", "/");
    server.send(303);
} else {
    server.sendHeader("Location", "/login?error=1");
    server.send(303);
}

}

void handleRecharge() {
if (!server.authenticate(admin_username, admin_password)) {
server.send(401, "text/plain", "Unauthorized");
return;
}

if (server.method() != HTTP_POST) {
    server.send(405, "text/plain", "Method Not Allowed");
    return;
}

if (server.hasArg("amount")) {
    float amount = server.arg("amount").toFloat();
    if (amount > 0) {
        balance += amount;
        saveBalance();

        // Create JSON response
        String response = "{\"success\":true,\"balance\":" + String(balance, 2) + "}";
        server.send(200, "application/json", response);

        showNotification("Recharged: Rs" + String(amount, 2), GREEN);
        return;
    }
}

server.send(400, "application/json", "{\"success\":false,\"message\":\"Invalid amount\"}");

}

void handleData() {
if (!server.authenticate(admin_username, admin_password)) {
server.send(401, "text/plain", "Unauthorized");
return;
}

// Create JSON document
DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024);

// Add readings
doc["isValid"] = readings.isValid;
doc["voltage"] = readings.voltage;
doc["current"] = readings.current;
doc["power"] = readings.power;
doc["energy"] = readings.energy;

// If reading is invalid, send 0 values for web dashboard to clear values
if (!readings.isValid) {
    doc["voltage"] = 0.0;
    doc["current"] = 0.0;
    doc["power"] = 0.0;
    doc["energy"] = 0.0;
}

// Add status information
doc["balance"] = balance;
doc["relayState"] = relayState;
doc["faultDetected"] = faultDetected;
doc["theftDetected"] = theftDetected;
doc["overVoltageThreshold"] = overVoltageThreshold;
doc["overCurrentThreshold"] = overCurrentThreshold;
doc["theftCurrentThreshold"] = theftCurrentThreshold;
doc["minimumBalance"] = minimumBalance;
doc["costPerKWh"] = costPerKWh;
doc["manualOverride"] = manualOverride; // Send manual override status


// Serialize JSON to string
String response;
serializeJson(doc, response);

server.send(200, "application/json", response);

}

void handleReset() {
if (!server.authenticate(admin_username, admin_password)) {
server.send(401, "text/plain", "Unauthorized");
return;
}

if (server.method() != HTTP_POST) {
    server.send(405, "text/plain", "Method Not Allowed");
    return;
}

// Reset energy counter on PZEM
bool success = pzem.resetEnergy();

// Reset stored energy value
lastEnergy = 0.0;
saveBalance();

String response = "{\"success\":" + String(success ? "true" : "false") + "}";
server.send(200, "application/json", response);

if (success) {
    showNotification("Energy Counter Reset", YELLOW);
} else {
    showNotification("Reset Failed", RED);
}

}

void handleSetRelay() {
if (!server.authenticate(admin_username, admin_password)) {
server.send(401, "text/plain", "Unauthorized");
return;
}

if (server.method() != HTTP_POST) {
    server.send(405, "text/plain", "Method Not Allowed");
    return;
}

if (server.hasArg("state") && server.hasArg("override")) {
    int state = server.arg("state").toInt();
    int override_manual = server.arg("override").toInt();
    bool success = false;

    if (state == 0) {
        relayState = false;
        digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH);
        success = true;
        showNotification("Power Off", RED);
        manualOverride = (override_manual == 1); // Set manual override based on parameter

    } else if (state == 1) {
        if (balance > minimumBalance && !faultDetected) {
            relayState = true;
            digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW);
            success = true;
            showNotification("Power On", GREEN);
            manualOverride = false; // Clear manual override when turned on manually or automatically
        }
    }

    String response = "{\"success\":" + String(success ? "true" : "false") + "}";
    server.send(200, "application/json", response);
    return;
}

server.send(400, "application/json", "{\"success\":false,\"message\":\"Missing state parameter\"}");

}

void handleSetThresholds() {
if (!server.authenticate(admin_username, admin_password)) {
server.send(401, "text/plain", "Unauthorized");
return;
}

if (server.method() != HTTP_POST) {
    server.send(405, "text/plain", "Method Not Allowed");
    return;
}

DynamicJsonDocument doc(512); // Adjust size as needed
DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(doc, server.arg("plain"));

if (error) {
    Serial.print(F("deserializeJson() failed: "));
    Serial.println(error.f_str());
    server.send(400, "application/json", "{\"success\":false,\"message\":\"Invalid JSON\"}");
    return;
}

if (doc.containsKey("overVoltage") && doc.containsKey("overCurrent") && doc.containsKey("theftCurrent") && doc.containsKey("minBalance") && doc.containsKey("costPerKWh")) {
    overVoltageThreshold = doc["overVoltage"].as<float>();
    overCurrentThreshold = doc["overCurrent"].as<float>();
    theftCurrentThreshold = doc["theftCurrent"].as<float>();
    minimumBalance = doc["minBalance"].as<float>();
    costPerKWh = doc["costPerKWh"].as<float>();

    saveThresholds(); // Save new thresholds to EEPROM

    String response = "{\"success\":true}";
    server.send(200, "application/json", response);
    showNotification("Thresholds Updated", GREEN);
    return;
} else {
    server.send(400, "application/json", "{\"success\":false,\"message\":\"Missing parameters\"}");
    return;
}

}

void handleFactoryReset() {
    if (!server.authenticate(admin_username, admin_password)) {
        server.send(401, "text/plain", "Unauthorized");
        return;
    }

    if (server.method() != HTTP_POST) {
        server.send(405, "text/plain", "Method Not Allowed");
        return;
    }

    resetEEPROMToDefaults(); // Reset EEPROM values to defaults
    showNotification("Factory Resetting...", YELLOW, 2000); // Notify user on TFT
    delay(2000); // Short delay to show notification
    server.send(200, "application/json", "{\"success\":true}");
    ESP.restart(); // Restart ESP32 to apply defaults immediately
}

void resetEEPROMToDefaults() {
    balance = DEFAULT_BALANCE;
    lastEnergy = DEFAULT_ENERGY;
    overVoltageThreshold = DEFAULT_OVER_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD;
    overCurrentThreshold = DEFAULT_OVER_CURRENT_THRESHOLD;
    theftCurrentThreshold = DEFAULT_THEFT_CURRENT_THRESHOLD;
    minimumBalance = DEFAULT_MINIMUM_BALANCE;
    costPerKWh = DEFAULT_COST_PER_KWH;

    saveBalance();
    saveThresholds();

    // Optionally clear the entire EEPROM (be cautious, this is usually not needed and can reduce EEPROM life if done excessively)
    // for (int i = 0; i < EEPROM_SIZE; i++) {
    //     EEPROM.write(i, 0);
    // }
    // EEPROM.commit();
    printDebugInfo("EEPROM Reset to Defaults", true);
}


void handleNotFound() {
server.send(404, "text/plain", "404: Not found");
}

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#include <PZEM004Tv30.h>

#include <SPI.h>

#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>

#include <Adafruit_ST7735.h>

#include <WiFi.h>

#include <WebServer.h>

#include <ArduinoJson.h>

#include <EEPROM.h>

#include <ESP.h> // Required for ESP.restart()

// Define pins for PZEM

#define PZEM_RX_PIN 16

#define PZEM_TX_PIN 17

// TFT display pins

#define TFT_CS 5

#define TFT_DC 21

#define TFT_RST 22

#define TFT_MOSI 23

#define TFT_SCLK 18

// Relay pin for power control

#define RELAY_PIN 4

// Push button pin for page change and manual relay override

#define BUTTON_PIN 32 // Example pin, choose an available pin

// EEPROM addresses

#define EEPROM_SIZE 128 // Increased EEPROM size to accommodate more settings

#define BALANCE_ADDR 0

#define ENERGY_ADDR 4

#define OVER_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD_ADDR 8

#define OVER_CURRENT_THRESHOLD_ADDR 12

#define THEFT_CURRENT_THRESHOLD_ADDR 16

#define MINIMUM_BALANCE_ADDR 20

#define COST_PER_KWH_ADDR 24 // Corrected definition - retyped this line

// Default values for thresholds (used if EEPROM is empty or corrupted)

#define DEFAULT_OVER_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD 260.0

#define DEFAULT_OVER_CURRENT_THRESHOLD 10.0

#define DEFAULT_THEFT_CURRENT_THRESHOLD 0.02

#define DEFAULT_MINIMUM_BALANCE 0.0

#define DEFAULT_COST_PER_KWH 0.2

#define DEFAULT_BALANCE 0.0

#define DEFAULT_ENERGY 0.0

// Authentication credentials for web interface

const char* admin_username = "admin";

const char* admin_password = "admin123";

// Server port

WebServer server(80);

// Colors (Added missing colors if needed)

#define BLACK 0x0000

#define BLUE 0x001F

#define RED 0xF800

#define GREEN 0x07E0

#define YELLOW 0xFFE0

#define WHITE 0xFFFF

#define DARKGRAY 0x4208

#define CYAN 0x07FF

#define MAGENTA 0xF81F

#define ORANGE 0xFD20 // Example Orange

// Text buffers to track changes and avoid unnecessary redraws

char lastVoltageText[20] = ""; // Increased buffer size to 20

char lastCurrentText[20] = "";

char lastPowerText[20] = "";

char lastEnergyText[20] = "";

char lastBalanceText[20] = "";

char lastStatusText[20] = "";

char lastFaultText[20] = "";

char lastTheftText[20] = "";

// Common text settings - Function to reduce repetition

void setTextProperties(Adafruit_ST7735 &display, uint16_t color, uint8_t size = 1) { // Modified to accept tft display object

display.setTextColor(color);

display.setTextSize(size);

}

// Global variables

unsigned long measurementInterval = 2000; // Interval between PZEM readings (milliseconds)

unsigned long lastReadTime = 0;

unsigned long screenRefreshTime = 0;

unsigned long balanceUpdateTime = 0;

unsigned long lastEnergyValue = 0;

const unsigned long SCREEN_REFRESH_INTERVAL = 1000; // Interval for screen refresh (milliseconds)

const unsigned long BALANCE_UPDATE_INTERVAL = 60000; // Update balance every minute

bool layoutDrawn = false;

unsigned long notificationEndTime = 0; //used for determine the end of the notification

String currentNotification = ""; // string to current displaying notification

uint16_t notificationColor = WHITE;

bool pzemConnected = true; // Flag to track PZEM connection status

bool relayState = true; // Flag to track relay state

float balance = 0.0; // Current balance in rupees

float lastEnergy = 0.0; // Last energy reading

bool faultDetected = false; // Flag for fault detection

bool theftDetected = false; // Flag for theft detection

int displayPage = 0; // Current display page (0=main, 1=alerts)

unsigned long pageChangeTime = 0; // Time to switch between pages

const unsigned long PAGE_INTERVAL = 5000; // Switch pages every 5 seconds

bool manualOverride = false; // Flag for manual relay control override

// Thresholds - now variables, loaded from EEPROM and configurable

float overVoltageThreshold = DEFAULT_OVER_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD;

float overCurrentThreshold = DEFAULT_OVER_CURRENT_THRESHOLD;

float theftCurrentThreshold = DEFAULT_THEFT_CURRENT_THRESHOLD;

float minimumBalance = DEFAULT_MINIMUM_BALANCE;

float costPerKWh = DEFAULT_COST_PER_KWH;

// Initialize TFT and PZEM

Adafruit_ST7735 tft = Adafruit_ST7735(TFT_CS, TFT_DC, TFT_MOSI, TFT_SCLK, TFT_RST);

PZEM004Tv30 pzem(Serial2, PZEM_RX_PIN, PZEM_TX_PIN);

// Structure for PZEM readings

struct PzemData {

float voltage;

float current;

float power;

float energy;

bool isValid;

};

// Store readings

PzemData readings = {0, 0, 0, 0, false};

// Store IP address as a string to avoid repeated calls

String ipAddressStr = "";

// WiFi credentials - Replace with your actual credentials

const char* ssid = "ESP32";

const char* password = "aaaaaaaa";

// Button debounce variables

const unsigned long debounceDelay = 50; // Debounce delay in milliseconds

unsigned long lastButtonPress = 0;

bool buttonState = false; // Current button state

bool lastButtonState = false; // Previous button state

// Notification timer interval (5 minutes)

const unsigned long NOTIFICATION_INTERVAL = 300000; // 5 minutes in milliseconds

unsigned long lastNotificationTime = 0;

// WiFi reconnection variables

unsigned long lastWifiCheckTime = 0;

const unsigned long WIFI_RECHECK_INTERVAL = 30000; // Check WiFi every 30 seconds

// Manual relay override button variables

unsigned long buttonPressStartTime = 0;

bool manualRelayControlActive = false;

// Function prototypes

void handleRoot();

void handleLogin();

void handleRecharge();

void handleData();

void handleReset();

void handleSetRelay();

void handleNotFound();

void readPzemData();

void drawLayout();

void drawLiveDataPage();

void drawAlertsPage();

void updateDisplayValues();

void showNotification(const String& message, uint16_t color, unsigned long duration = 5000); //default 5 sec notification

void clearNotification();

void displayStartupSequence();

void configureWiFi(); // Modified to remove WiFiManager

void saveBalance();

void loadBalance();

void updateBalance();

void checkFaultsAndTheft();

void controlRelay();

void printDebugInfo(const char* action, bool success);

void handleSetThresholds(); // New handler for setting thresholds

void saveThresholds(); // Function to save thresholds to EEPROM

void loadThresholds(); // Function to load thresholds from EEPROM

String generateThresholdsHTML(); // Function to generate HTML for threshold settings section

void handleFactoryReset(); // New handler for factory reset

void resetEEPROMToDefaults(); // Function to reset EEPROM to defaults

void checkWiFiConnection(); // Function to check and reconnect WiFi

// Helper function to clear a text area on TFT

void clearTextArea(int x, int y, int w, int h) {

tft.fillRect(x, y, w, h, BLACK);

}

// HTML page stored in PROGMEM (Improved Web Dashboard UI/UX) - Modified to include Factory Reset Button

const char index_html[] PROGMEM = R"rawliteral(

<!DOCTYPE html>

<head>

<title>Prepaid Energy Monitor Pro</title>

<style>

/* Modern Professional Color Palette */

:root {

--primary: #0a2463;

--secondary: #3e92cc;

--accent: #2dc653;

--warning: #ffb400;

--danger: #d64045;

--dark: #1e1f26;

--light: #f8f9fa;

--gray-100: #f0f2f5;

--gray-200: #e9ecef;

--gray-300: #dee2e6;

--gray-400: #ced4da;

--gray-500: #adb5bd;

--gray-600: #6c757d;

--gray-700: #495057;

--gray-800: #343a40;

--text: #212529;

--box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);

--card-shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);

--transition: all 0.2s ease;

}

* {

margin: 0;

padding: 0;

box-sizing: border-box;

}

body {

font-family: 'Roboto', 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;

background-color: var(--gray-100);

color: var(--text);

line-height: 1.6;

}

.dashboard-container {

display: grid;

grid-template-columns: 240px 1fr;

min-height: 100vh;

}

/* Sidebar */

.sidebar {

background-color: var(--primary);

color: white;

padding-top: 20px;

position: fixed;

height: 100vh;

width: 240px;

z-index: 100;

box-shadow: var(--box-shadow);

}

.brand {

display: flex;

align-items: center;

padding: 0 20px 20px;

border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);

}

.brand-icon {

font-size: 24px;

margin-right: 10px;

}

.brand-name {

font-size: 18px;

font-weight: 600;

}

.nav-menu {

list-style: none;

padding: 20px 0;

}

.nav-item {

padding: 0 15px;

margin-bottom: 5px;

}

.nav-link {

display: flex;

align-items: center;

padding: 12px 15px;

color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);

text-decoration: none;

border-radius: 5px;

transition: var(--transition);

}

.nav-link:hover {

background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);

color: white;

}

.nav-link.active {

background-color: var(--secondary);

color: white;

}

.nav-icon {

margin-right: 10px;

width: 20px;

text-align: center;

}

/* Main Content */

.main-content {

grid-column: 2;

padding: 20px;

}

.page-header {

padding: 15px 0;

margin-bottom: 20px;

display: flex;

justify-content: space-between;

align-items: center;

}

.page-title {

font-size: 24px;

font-weight: 500;

color: var(--dark);

}

.page-subtitle {

font-size: 14px;

color: var(--gray-600);

margin-top: 5px;

}

/* Cards & Grids */

.card-grid {

display: grid;

grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr));

gap: 20px;

margin-bottom: 25px;

}

.card {

background-color: white;

border-radius: 10px;

box-shadow: var(--card-shadow);

padding: 20px;

transition: var(--transition);

}

.card:hover {

box-shadow: 0 10px 15px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.07);

transform: translateY(-2px);

}

.card-header {

display: flex;

justify-content: space-between;

align-items: center;

margin-bottom: 15px;

}

.card-title {

font-size: 16px;

font-weight: 500;

color: var(--gray-700);

}

.card-icon {

font-size: 18px;

width: 36px;

height: 36px;

display: flex;

align-items: center;

justify-content: center;

border-radius: 50%;

background-color: var(--secondary);

color: white;

}

.dashboard-value {

font-size: 32px;

font-weight: 600;

color: var(--primary);

margin: 10px 0;

}

.unit {

font-size: 16px;

font-weight: normal;

color: var(--gray-600);

}

.trend {

display: flex;

align-items: center;

font-size: 14px;

color: var(--gray-600);

}

.trend-up {

color: var(--accent);

}

.trend-down {

color: var(--danger);

}

/* Status Indicators */

.status-card {

display: flex;

flex-direction: column;

height: 100%;

}

.status-indicators {

flex-grow: 1;

}

.status-item {

display: flex;

align-items: center;

padding: 12px 0;

border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-200);

}

.status-item:last-child {

border-bottom: none;

}

.status-indicator {

width: 12px;

height: 12px;

border-radius: 50%;

margin-right: 12px;

}

.status-active {

background-color: var(--accent);

}

.status-inactive {

background-color: var(--gray-500);

}

.status-warning {

background-color: var(--warning);

}

.status-danger {

background-color: var(--danger);

}

.status-label {

font-weight: 500;

flex-grow: 1;

}

.status-value {

font-weight: 600;

}

/* Action Areas */

.action-card {

height: 100%;

}

.action-content {

padding-top: 10px;

}

.input-group {

display: flex;

margin-bottom: 15px;

}

.input-group .form-input {

flex-grow: 1;

border-top-right-radius: 0;

border-bottom-right-radius: 0;

}

.input-group .input-append {

display: flex;

align-items: center;

padding: 0 12px;

background-color: var(--gray-200);

border: 1px solid var(--gray-300);

border-left: none;

border-top-right-radius: 5px;

border-bottom-right-radius: 5px;

color: var(--gray-700);

}

/* Forms */

.form-group {

margin-bottom: 20px;

}

.form-label {

display: block;

margin-bottom: 8px;

font-weight: 500;

color: var(--gray-700);

}

.form-input {

width: 100%;

padding: 10px 12px;

border: 1px solid var(--gray-300);

border-radius: 5px;

font-size: 14px;

transition: var(--transition);

}

.form-input:focus {

outline: none;

border-color: var(--secondary);

box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(62, 146, 204, 0.1);

}

/* Buttons */

.btn {

display: inline-block;

font-weight: 500;

text-align: center;

vertical-align: middle;

cursor: pointer;

border: 1px solid transparent;

padding: 10px 16px;

font-size: 14px;

line-height: 1.5;

border-radius: 5px;

transition: var(--transition);

}

.btn-primary {

color: white;

background-color: var(--secondary);

border-color: var(--secondary);

}

.btn-primary:hover {

background-color: #3182b8;

border-color: #3182b8;

}

.btn-success {

color: white;

background-color: var(--accent);

border-color: var(--accent);

}

.btn-success:hover {

background-color: #25a745;

border-color: #25a745;

}

.btn-danger {

color: white;

background-color: var(--danger);

border-color: var(--danger);

}

.btn-danger:hover {

background-color: #c13c40;

border-color: #c13c40;

}

.btn-block {

display: block;

width: 100%;

}

.btn:disabled {

opacity: 0.65;

pointer-events: none;

}

/* Alerts */

.alert {

padding: 12px 15px;

margin-bottom: 15px;

border-radius: 5px;

border: 1px solid transparent;

font-size: 14px;

}

.alert-success {

color: #155724;

background-color: #d4edda;

border-color: #c3e6cb;

}

.alert-danger {

color: #721c24;

background-color: #f8d7da;

border-color: #f5c6cb;

}

.alert-warning {

color: #856404;

background-color: #fff3cd;

border-color: #ffeeba;

}

/* Settings */

.settings-section {

margin-bottom: 25px;

}

.settings-header {

display: flex;

align-items: center;

margin-bottom: 15px;

padding-bottom: 10px;

border-bottom: 1px solid var(--gray-300);

}

.settings-icon {

margin-right: 10px;

color: var(--secondary);

}

.settings-title {

font-size: 18px;

font-weight: 500;

}

.settings-grid {

display: grid;

grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(320px, 1fr));

gap: 20px;

}

/* Hide sections */

.page-section {

display: none;

}

.page-section.active {

display: block;

}

/* Footer */

.dashboard-footer {

margin-top: 30px;

padding-top: 15px;

border-top: 1px solid var(--gray-300);

color: var(--gray-600);

font-size: 14px;

text-align: center;

}

/* Responsive */

@media (max-width: 992px) {

.dashboard-container {

grid-template-columns: 1fr;

}

.sidebar {

display: none;

}

.main-content {

grid-column: 1;

}

</style>

</head>

<body>

<div class="brand-name">EnergyPro</div>

</div>

<span>Dashboard</span>

</a>

</li>

<span>Account</span>

</a>

</li>

<span>Control</span>

</a>

</li>

<span>Settings</span>

</a>

</li>

<span>Reports</span>

</a>

</li>

</a>

</li>

</ul>

</div>

<div>

<h1 class="page-title">Energy Dashboard</h1>

<p class="page-subtitle">Real-time monitoring of your prepaid energy system</p>

</div>

<div id="update-timestamp">Last updated: --:--:--</div>

</div>

<h3 class="card-title">BALANCE</h3>

</div>

<div class="trend">Available credit</div>

</div>

<h3 class="card-title">VOLTAGE</h3>

</div>

<div class="trend">Line voltage</div>

</div>

<h3 class="card-title">CURRENT</h3>

</div>

<div class="trend">Line current</div>

</div>

<h3 class="card-title">POWER</h3>

</div>

<div class="trend">Active power</div>

</div>

<h3 class="card-title">SYSTEM STATUS</h3>

</div>

<div class="status-label">Power</div>

</div>

<div class="status-label">Fault Status</div>

</div>

<div class="status-label">Theft Detection</div>

</div>

<div class="status-label">Total Energy</div>

</div>

<h3 class="card-title">QUICK ACTIONS</h3>

</div>

<p style="margin-bottom:15px;">Control power supply to your premises</p>

<button id="power-on-btn" class="btn btn-success" onclick="setRelay(1)" style="flex:1;" disabled>Power ON</button>

<button id="power-off-btn" class="btn btn-danger" onclick="setRelay(0)" style="flex:1;" disabled>Power OFF</button>

</div>

<p style="margin-bottom:15px;">Quick recharge your account</p>

</div>

<button class="btn btn-primary btn-block" onclick="quickRecharge()">Recharge Now</button>

</div>

<div>

<h1 class="page-title">Account Management</h1>

<p class="page-subtitle">Manage your prepaid account balance and transactions</p>

</div>

<h3 class="card-title">ACCOUNT BALANCE</h3>

</div>

<div class="trend">Available credit</div>

</div>

<h3 class="card-title">CONSUMPTION RATE</h3>

</div>

<div class="trend">Average daily consumption</div>

</div>

<h3 class="card-title">RECHARGE ACCOUNT</h3>

</div>

<label for="recharge-amount" class="form-label">Recharge Amount</label>

</div>

<button class="btn btn-primary" onclick="rechargeAccount()">Process Recharge</button>

</div>

<div>

<h1 class="page-title">System Control</h1>

<p class="page-subtitle">Monitor and control your energy system</p>

</div>

<h3 class="card-title">POWER CONTROL</h3>

</div>

<p style="margin:15px 0;">Current power status: <span id="relay-control-status">Loading...</span></p>

<button id="control-power-on-btn" class="btn btn-success" onclick="setRelay(1)" style="flex:1;" disabled>Turn Power ON</button>

<button id="control-power-off-btn" class="btn btn-danger" onclick="setRelay(0)" style="flex:1;" disabled>Turn Power OFF</button>

</div>

<h3 class="card-title">SYSTEM STATUS</h3>

</div>

<div class="status-label">Voltage Status</div>

</div>

<div class="status-label">Current Status</div>

</div>

<div class="status-label">Fault Status</div>

</div>

<div class="status-label">Theft Detection</div>

</div>

<div>

<h1 class="page-title">System Settings</h1>

<p class="page-subtitle">Configure thresholds and system parameters</p>

</div>

<h3 class="settings-title">Safety Thresholds</h3>

</div>

<label for="overVoltage" class="form-label">Over Voltage Threshold</label>

</div>

<label for="overCurrent" class="form-label">Over Current Threshold</label>

</div>

<h3 class="settings-title">Security Settings</h3>

</div>

<label for="theftCurrent" class="form-label">Theft Detection Threshold</label>

</div>

<h3 class="settings-title">Billing Settings</h3>

</div>

<label for="minBalance" class="form-label">Minimum Balance Threshold</label>

</div>

</div>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" onclick="setThresholds()">Save All Settings</button>

</form>

<h3 class="settings-title" style="color: var(--danger);">Factory Reset</h3>

</div>

<p style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 20px;">Reset all settings to default and clear energy data. This action is irreversible.</p>

<button type="button" class="btn btn-danger" onclick="factoryReset()">Factory Reset</button>

</div>

<div>

<h1 class="page-title">Reports & Analytics</h1>

<p class="page-subtitle">View energy consumption reports and analytics</p>

</div>

<h3 class="card-title">ENERGY CONSUMPTION</h3>

</div>

<p style="text-align:center;padding:40px 0;">Consumption reports and charts will be displayed here</p>

</div>

<div>

<h1 class="page-title">Help & Support</h1>

<p class="page-subtitle">Get help with using your prepaid energy monitor</p>

</div>

<h3 class="card-title">SUPPORT INFORMATION</h3>

</div>

<p style="text-align:center;padding:40px 0;">Help and support information will be displayed here</p>

</div>

<p id="update-status">Last Update: --</p>

</div>

let relayState = false; // Track relay state on client-side

// Show selected page section

function showPage(page) {

// Hide all page sections

const pageSections = document.querySelectorAll('.page-section');

pageSections.forEach(section => {

section.classList.remove('active');

});

// Show selected page section

document.getElementById(page + '-section').classList.add('active');

// Update active nav link

const navLinks = document.querySelectorAll('.nav-link');

navLinks.forEach(link => {

link.classList.remove('active');

});

document.querySelector(`.nav-link[href="#${page}"]`).classList.add('active');

// Update content for specific pages

if (page === 'account') {

const dashboardBalance = document.getElementById('balance').textContent;

document.getElementById('account-balance').textContent = dashboardBalance;

}

function updateValues() {

fetch('/data')

.then(response => response.json())

.then(data => {

// Dashboard Section Updates

updateDashboardValues(data);

updateSystemStatus(data);

updatePowerControlUI(data.relayState);

// Account Section Updates

updateAccountSection(data);

// Control Section Updates

updateControlSection(data);

// Update timestamp

const now = new Date();

document.getElementById('update-timestamp').textContent = `Last updated: ${now.toLocaleTimeString()}`;

document.getElementById('update-status').textContent = `Last Update: ${now.toLocaleTimeString()}`;

})

.catch(error => {

console.error('Error fetching data:', error);

showAlert('Connection error. Retrying...', 'warning', 'main-alert');

document.getElementById('update-status').textContent = 'Update Failed';

});

}

function updateDashboardValues(data) {

updateElement('balance', data.balance.toFixed(2) + '<span class="unit">₹</span>');

updateElement('voltage', data.voltage.toFixed(1) + '<span class="unit">V</span>');

updateElement('current', data.current.toFixed(3) + '<span class="unit">A</span>');

updateElement('power', data.power.toFixed(1) + '<span class="unit">W</span>');

updateElement('energy-value', data.energy.toFixed(3) + ' kWh');

}

function updateSystemStatus(data) {

updateStatusIndicator('power-indicator', data.relayState ? 'status-active' : 'status-inactive');

updateElement('power-status', data.relayState ? 'ON' : 'OFF');

updateStatusIndicator('fault-indicator', data.faultDetected ? 'status-danger' : 'status-active');

updateElement('fault-status', data.faultDetected ? 'FAULT' : 'OK');

updateStatusIndicator('theft-indicator', data.theftDetected ? 'status-warning' : 'status-active');

updateElement('theft-status', data.theftDetected ? 'DETECTED' : 'OK');

}

function updatePowerControlUI(serverRelayState) {

relayState = serverRelayState;

const onButtonDashboard = document.getElementById('power-on-btn');

const offButtonDashboard = document.getElementById('power-off-btn');

const onButtonControl = document.getElementById('control-power-on-btn');

const offButtonControl = document.getElementById('control-power-off-btn');

if (relayState) {

onButtonDashboard.disabled = true;

offButtonDashboard.disabled = false;

onButtonControl.disabled = true;

offButtonControl.disabled = false;

} else {

onButtonDashboard.disabled = false;

offButtonDashboard.disabled = true;

onButtonControl.disabled = false;

offButtonControl.disabled = true;

}

const relayStatusText = relayState ? 'ON' : 'OFF';

updateElement('relay-control-status', relayStatusText);

}

function updateAccountSection(data) {

updateElement('account-balance', data.balance.toFixed(2) + '<span class="unit">₹</span>');

// Example consumption rate calculation (needs actual logic)

const consumptionRate = (data.energy * data.costPerKWh).toFixed(2); // Example

updateElement('consumption-rate', consumptionRate + '<span class="unit">₹/day</span>'); // Needs proper daily calculation

}

function updateControlSection(data) {

updateElement('relay-control-status', data.relayState ? 'ON' : 'OFF');

updateStatusIndicator('control-voltage-indicator', (data.voltage < 180 || data.voltage > 250) ? 'status-warning' : 'status-active');

updateElement('control-voltage-status', (data.voltage < 180) ? 'LOW' : (data.voltage > 250 ? 'HIGH' : 'OK'));

updateStatusIndicator('control-current-indicator', (data.current > data.overCurrent) ? 'status-warning' : 'status-active');

updateElement('control-current-status', (data.current > data.overCurrent) ? 'OVER' : 'OK');

updateStatusIndicator('control-fault-indicator', data.faultDetected ? 'status-danger' : 'status-active');

updateElement('control-fault-status', data.faultDetected ? 'FAULT' : 'OK');

updateStatusIndicator('control-theft-indicator', data.theftDetected ? 'status-warning' : 'status-active');

updateElement('control-theft-status', data.theftDetected ? 'DETECTED' : 'OK');

updatePowerControlUI(data.relayState); // Keep control section buttons in sync

}

function updateElement(id, html) {

const element = document.getElementById(id);

if (element) {

element.innerHTML = html;

}

function updateStatusIndicator(id, className) {

const indicator = document.getElementById(id);

if (indicator) {

indicator.className = 'status-indicator ' + className;

}

function setRelay(state) {

const onButtonDashboard = document.getElementById('power-on-btn');

const offButtonDashboard = document.getElementById('power-off-btn');

const onButtonControl = document.getElementById('control-power-on-btn');

const offButtonControl = document.getElementById('control-power-off-btn');

const alertElementDashboard = document.getElementById('power-control-alert');

const alertElementControl = document.getElementById('relay-control-alert');

// Disable buttons to prevent multiple clicks

onButtonDashboard.disabled = true;

offButtonDashboard.disabled = true;

onButtonControl.disabled = true;

offButtonControl.disabled = true;

const alertElement = document.querySelector('.page-section.active').id === 'dashboard-section' ? alertElementDashboard : alertElementControl;

showAlert('Processing power control...', 'warning', alertElement.id);

let overrideState = 0; // Assume no override

if (state === 0) {

overrideState = 1; // Set override if turning off

} else {

overrideState = 0; // Clear override if turning on

}

fetch(`/setRelay?state=${state}&override=${overrideState}`, { method: 'POST' })

.then(response => response.json())

.then(data => {

if (data.success) {

updatePowerControlUI(state === 1); // Update UI based on requested state

showAlert(`Power turned ${state === 1 ? 'ON' : 'OFF'} successfully.`, 'success', alertElement.id);

} else {

showAlert('Power control failed: ' + (data.message || 'Unknown error'), 'danger', alertElement.id);

updatePowerControlUI(relayState); // Revert UI to previous state if failed

}

// Re-enable buttons after request completes (or fails)

onButtonDashboard.disabled = false;

offButtonDashboard.disabled = false;

onButtonControl.disabled = false;

offButtonControl.disabled = false;

})

.catch(error => {

console.error('Error controlling relay:', error);

showAlert('Relay control error', 'danger', alertElement.id);

updatePowerControlUI(relayState); // Revert UI on error

// Re-enable buttons even on error

onButtonDashboard.disabled = false;

offButtonDashboard.disabled = false;

onButtonControl.disabled = false;

offButtonControl.disabled = false;

});

}

function rechargeAccount() {

const amount = document.getElementById('recharge-amount').value;

const rechargeAlert = document.getElementById('recharge-alert');

const rechargeButton = document.querySelector('#recharge-alert + button.btn-primary, #account-section button.btn-primary');

rechargeButton.disabled = true; // Disable recharge button during request

showAlert('Processing recharge...', 'warning', 'recharge-alert');

fetch(`/recharge?amount=${amount}`, { method: 'POST' })

.then(response => response.json())

.then(data => {

if (data.success) {

showAlert(`Recharge successful. New balance: ₹${data.balance.toFixed(2)}`, 'success', 'recharge-alert');

updateElement('balance', data.balance.toFixed(2) + '<span class="unit">₹</span>');

updateElement('account-balance', data.balance.toFixed(2) + '<span class="unit">₹</span>');

} else {

showAlert('Recharge failed. ' + (data.message || 'Please try again.'), 'danger', 'recharge-alert');

}

rechargeButton.disabled = false; // Re-enable button after request completes

})

.catch(error => {

console.error('Recharge error:', error);

showAlert('Recharge error. Please try again.', 'danger', 'recharge-alert');

rechargeButton.disabled = false; // Re-enable button even on error

});

}

function quickRecharge() {

const amount = document.getElementById('quick-recharge-amount').value;

const rechargeAlert = document.getElementById('recharge-alert');

const rechargeButton = document.querySelector('#dashboard-section .action-card button.btn-primary');

rechargeButton.disabled = true;

showAlert('Processing recharge...', 'warning', 'power-control-alert');

fetch(`/recharge?amount=${amount}`, { method: 'POST' })

.then(response => response.json())

.then(data => {

if (data.success) {

showAlert(`Recharge successful. New balance: ₹${data.balance.toFixed(2)}`, 'success', 'power-control-alert');

updateElement('balance', data.balance.toFixed(2) + '<span class="unit">₹</span>');

updateElement('account-balance', data.balance.toFixed(2) + '<span class="unit">₹</span>');

} else {

showAlert('Recharge failed. ' + (data.message || 'Please try again.'), 'danger', 'power-control-alert');

}

rechargeButton.disabled = false;

})

.catch(error => {

console.error('Recharge error:', error);

showAlert('Recharge error. Please try again.', 'danger', 'power-control-alert');

rechargeButton.disabled = false;

});

}

function showAlert(message, type, alertElementId) {

const alertDiv = document.getElementById(alertElementId);

if(alertDiv) {

alertDiv.textContent = message;

alertDiv.className = `alert alert-${type}`;

alertDiv.style.display = 'block';

setTimeout(() => {

alertDiv.style.display = 'none';

}, 5000);

}

function setThresholds() {

const form = document.getElementById('threshold-form');

const formData = new FormData(form); // Use FormData to easily collect form data

const thresholdAlert = document.getElementById('threshold-alert');

const saveButton = document.querySelector('#threshold-form button.btn-primary'); // Select save button

const data = {};

formData.forEach((value, key) => {

data[key] = parseFloat(value); // Convert string values from form to floats

});

saveButton.disabled = true; // Disable save button during request

showAlert('Saving settings...', 'warning', 'threshold-alert');

fetch('/setThresholds', {

method: 'POST',

headers: {

'Content-Type': 'application/json' // Set content type to JSON

body: JSON.stringify(data) // Send form data as JSON

})

.then(response => response.json())

.then(responseData => {

if (responseData.success) {

showAlert('Settings updated successfully.', 'success', 'threshold-alert');

// Optionally update displayed threshold values on the page if you wish

} else {

showAlert('Failed to update settings: ' + (responseData.message || 'Unknown error'), 'danger', 'threshold-alert');

}

saveButton.disabled = false; // Re-enable button after request completes

})

.catch(error => {

console.error('Error setting thresholds:', error);

showAlert('Error updating settings. Please try again.', 'danger', 'threshold-alert');

saveButton.disabled = false; // Re-enable button even on error

});

}

function factoryReset() {

const resetAlert = document.getElementById('factory-reset-alert');

const resetButton = document.querySelector('#settings-section button.btn-danger');

resetButton.disabled = true;

showAlert('Performing factory reset...', 'warning', 'factory-reset-alert');

fetch('/factoryReset', { method: 'POST' })

.then(response => response.json())

.then(data => {

if (data.success) {

showAlert('Factory reset successful. System restarting...', 'success', 'factory-reset-alert');

setTimeout(() => {

window.location.href = '/login'; // Redirect to login page after reset

}, 3000); // Wait 3 seconds before redirecting and restarting ESP

} else {

showAlert('Factory reset failed: ' + (data.message || 'Unknown error'), 'danger', 'factory-reset-alert');

}

resetButton.disabled = false;

})

.catch(error => {

console.error('Factory reset error:', error);

showAlert('Factory reset error. Please try again.', 'danger', 'factory-reset-alert');

resetButton.disabled = false;

});

}

// Initial update and set interval

updateValues();

setInterval(updateValues, 3000); // Update every 3 seconds

// Set initial page to dashboard

showPage('dashboard');

</script>

</body>

</html>

)rawliteral";

// Login page HTML (No changes needed unless further UI/UX improvements are desired)

const char login_html[] PROGMEM = R"rawliteral(

<!DOCTYPE HTML>

<head>

<title>Login - ESP32 Prepaid Energy Monitor</title>

<style>

:root {

--primary-color: #3498db;

--secondary-color: #2c3e50;

--background-color: #f5f7fa;

--card-background: #ffffff;

--text-color: #333333;

--text-light: #7f8c8d;

--shadow: 0 4px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);

--transition: all 0.3s ease;

}

body {

font-family: 'Segoe UI', Tahoma, Geneva, Verdana, sans-serif;

background-color: var(--background-color);

margin: 0;

padding: 0;

color: var(--text-color);

line-height: 1.6;

}

.login-container {

max-width: 400px;

margin: 100px auto;

background: var(--card-background);

padding: 30px;

border-radius: 8px;

box-shadow: var(--shadow);

}

.login-container h2 {

text-align: center;

color: var(--secondary-color);

margin-bottom: 30px;

display: flex;

align-items: center;

justify-content: center;

}

.login-container h2 i {

margin-right: 10px;

color: var(--primary-color);

}

.form-group {

margin-bottom: 20px;

}

.form-group label {

display: block;

margin-bottom: 5px;

font-weight: bold;

color: var(--secondary-color);

}

.form-group input {

width: 100%;

padding: 10px;

border: 1px solid #ddd;

border-radius: 4px;

font-size: 16px;

}

.button {

background: linear-gradient(to right, var(--primary-color), var(--secondary-color));

color: white;

border: none;

padding: 12px 24px;

border-radius: 4px;

cursor: pointer;

font-size: 16px;

font-weight: bold;

transition: var(--transition);

display: inline-flex;

align-items: center;

width: 100%;

justify-content: center;

}

.button i {

margin-right: 8px;

}

.button:hover {

transform: translateY(-2px);

box-shadow: 0 6px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);

}

.alert {

padding: 10px 15px;

border-radius: 4px;

margin-bottom: 15px;

font-size: 14px;

}

.alert-danger {

background-color: #f8d7da;

color: #721c24;

border: 1px solid #f5c6cb;

}

</style>

</head>

<body>

<h2><i class="fas fa-lock"></i> Login</h2>

Invalid username or password

</div>

<label for="username">Username</label>

</div>

<label for="password">Password</label>

</div>

<i class="fas fa-sign-in-alt"></i> Login

</button>

</form>

</div>

const urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);

if (urlParams.has('error')) {

document.getElementById('error-message').style.display = 'block';

}

</script>

</body>

</html>

)rawliteral";

void setup() {

// Initialize serial communication

Serial.begin(115200);

delay(500);

// Initialize EEPROM

EEPROM.begin(EEPROM_SIZE);

// Initialize relay pin

pinMode(RELAY_PIN, OUTPUT);

digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, relayState ? HIGH : LOW);

// Initialize Button Pin

pinMode(BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP);

// Initialize TFT display

tft.initR(INITR_BLACKTAB);

tft.setRotation(1); // Adjust rotation if needed for your display

tft.fillScreen(BLACK);

tft.setTextWrap(false);

// Display startup sequence

displayStartupSequence();

// Load saved balance and thresholds from EEPROM

loadBalance();

loadThresholds();

// Configure WiFi (Simplified)

configureWiFi();

// Store IP address as string

if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {

ipAddressStr = WiFi.localIP().toString();

showNotification("IP: " + ipAddressStr, GREEN, 5000);

} else {

showNotification("WiFi Failed to connect", RED, 5000);

}

// Set up web server routes

server.on("/", HTTP_GET, handleRoot);

server.on("/login", HTTP_GET, [](){

server.send(200, "text/html", login_html);

});

server.on("/login", HTTP_POST, handleLogin);

server.on("/data", HTTP_GET, handleData);

server.on("/recharge", HTTP_POST, handleRecharge);

server.on("/reset", HTTP_POST, handleReset);

server.on("/setRelay", HTTP_POST, handleSetRelay);

server.on("/setThresholds", HTTP_POST, handleSetThresholds); // New handler for thresholds

server.on("/factoryReset", HTTP_POST, handleFactoryReset); // New handler for factory reset

server.onNotFound(handleNotFound);

// Start web server

server.begin();

// Show notification

showNotification("System Ready", GREEN, 3000);

}

void loop() {

// Handle web server client requests

server.handleClient();

// Read PZEM data at specified intervals

if (millis() - lastReadTime >= measurementInterval) {

readPzemData();

lastReadTime = millis();

// Check for faults and theft

checkFaultsAndTheft();

// Control relay

controlRelay();

}

// Update balance based on energy usage

if (millis() - balanceUpdateTime >= BALANCE_UPDATE_INTERVAL) {

updateBalance();

balanceUpdateTime = millis();

saveBalance();

}

// **Button Handling for Page Change and Manual Relay Override**

int reading = digitalRead(BUTTON_PIN);

bool currentButtonState = (reading == LOW); // Button is active low

if (currentButtonState && !lastButtonState) { // Button pressed

if (millis() - lastButtonPress > debounceDelay) {

lastButtonPress = millis();

buttonPressStartTime = millis();

manualRelayControlActive = true; // Start checking for long press

}

} else if (!currentButtonState && lastButtonState) { // Button released

if (manualRelayControlActive) {

if (millis() - buttonPressStartTime >= 1000) { // Long press detected (3 seconds)

manualOverride = !manualOverride; // Toggle manual override state

relayState = !relayState; // Toggle relay state

digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, relayState ? LOW : HIGH);

showNotification(relayState ? "Manual Relay ON" : "Manual Relay OFF", YELLOW);

// Web server will reflect state on next /data request

} else {

displayPage = (displayPage + 1) % 2; // Toggle page on short press

pageChangeTime = millis();

layoutDrawn = false; // Redraw layout for new page if needed

}

manualRelayControlActive = false;

}

lastButtonState = currentButtonState;

// Update display with page switching

if (millis() - screenRefreshTime >= SCREEN_REFRESH_INTERVAL) {

screenRefreshTime = millis();

if (!layoutDrawn) {

drawLayout(); // Draw common layout elements (title, separators) - Draw only once per page change

layoutDrawn = true;

}

if (millis() - pageChangeTime >= PAGE_INTERVAL) {

// Automatic page switch removed due to button implementation, keep it on current page until button press

// displayPage = (displayPage + 1) % 2; // Switch between 2 pages (0 and 1) - Removed Automatic switching

pageChangeTime = millis(); //reset page change timer, even if not auto-switching now

}

updateDisplayValues(); // Update dynamic values on the current page - Update only values, not full page redraw

}

// Clear notification if display time has elapsed

if (notificationEndTime > 0 && millis() >= notificationEndTime) {

clearNotification();

}

// Periodic notifications every 5 minutes

if (millis() - lastNotificationTime >= NOTIFICATION_INTERVAL) {

if (faultDetected) {

showNotification("Fault Detected! Check System.", RED);

} else if (theftDetected) {

showNotification("Theft Detected! Investigate.", RED);

} else if (balance <= minimumBalance) { // Use variable threshold

showNotification("Low Balance! Recharge Soon.", YELLOW);

} else if (!pzemConnected) {

showNotification("PZEM Disconnected!", RED);

} else if (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {

showNotification("WiFi Disconnected!", RED);

}

// Add other conditions for different types of notifications as needed.

lastNotificationTime = millis();

}

// Check WiFi connection periodically and attempt to reconnect

checkWiFiConnection();

}

// Function to check WiFi connection and reconnect if necessary

void checkWiFiConnection() {

if (millis() - lastWifiCheckTime >= WIFI_RECHECK_INTERVAL) {

lastWifiCheckTime = millis();

if (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {

Serial.println("WiFi Disconnected. Attempting reconnection...");

WiFi.reconnect();

showNotification("WiFi Disconnected! Reconnecting...", YELLOW);

// Optionally add a timeout for reconnection attempts to avoid indefinite blocking

} else if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED && currentNotification.startsWith("WiFi Disconnected!")) {

showNotification("WiFi Reconnected!", GREEN);

}

// Read data from PZEM sensor

void readPzemData() {

readings.voltage = pzem.voltage();

readings.current = pzem.current();

readings.power = pzem.power();

readings.energy = pzem.energy();

// Determine if reading is valid (voltage is used as indicator)

readings.isValid = !(isnan(readings.voltage) || readings.voltage < 1.0);

// Update connection status

bool newConnectionStatus = readings.isValid;

if (pzemConnected != newConnectionStatus) {

pzemConnected = newConnectionStatus;

if (pzemConnected) {

showNotification("PZEM Connected", GREEN);

} else {

showNotification("PZEM Disconnected", RED);

}

// Debug output

printDebugInfo("PZEM Reading", readings.isValid);

}

// Draw common layout elements (Title, separators, static labels) - Reduced redraw to title and separator only

void drawLayout() {

tft.fillScreen(BLACK); // Clear the whole screen only on page change for clean transition

tft.setTextSize(1);

// Title Bar - Compact for 1.8 inch display

setTextProperties(tft, YELLOW);

tft.setCursor(2, 2);

tft.print("ENERGY METER");

tft.drawFastHLine(0, 14, tft.width(), BLUE); // Header bar background

// Page Content Area (below title bar)

if (displayPage == 0) {

drawLiveDataPage(); // Draw Live Data Page elements

} else if (displayPage == 1) {

drawAlertsPage(); // Draw Alerts Page elements

}

layoutDrawn = true; // Ensure layout is marked as drawn after drawing page specific elements

}

// Constants for layout spacing and text positions - Optimized for 1.8 inch display

const int HEADER_HEIGHT = 14;

const int BOX_HEIGHT = 30;

const int BOX_ROUND_RADIUS = 3;

const int BOX_VERTICAL_START = HEADER_HEIGHT + 3;

const int ROW_SPACING = BOX_HEIGHT + 2;

const int LABEL_TEXT_Y_OFFSET = 3;

const int VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET = 18;

const int FOOTER_AREA_HEIGHT = 20;

const int FOOTER_TEXT_Y_OFFSET = 6;

// Draw Live Data Page - Improved Layout with constants

void drawLiveDataPage() {

// Draw header bar

tft.fillRect(0, 0, tft.width(), HEADER_HEIGHT, BLUE);

tft.setTextSize(1);

setTextProperties(tft, WHITE);

tft.setCursor(5, 4);

tft.print("ESP32 PREPAID METER");

// Row 1: Voltage & Current

tft.fillRoundRect(2, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 0), tft.width() - 4, BOX_HEIGHT, BOX_ROUND_RADIUS, DARKGRAY);

tft.drawRoundRect(2, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 0), tft.width() - 4, BOX_HEIGHT, BOX_ROUND_RADIUS, WHITE);

// Row 2: Power & Energy

tft.fillRoundRect(2, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 1), tft.width() - 4, BOX_HEIGHT, BOX_ROUND_RADIUS, DARKGRAY);

tft.drawRoundRect(2, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 1), tft.width() - 4, BOX_HEIGHT, BOX_ROUND_RADIUS, WHITE);

// Row 3: Balance & Status (Replaced Frequency & PF)

tft.fillRoundRect(2, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 2), tft.width() - 4, BOX_HEIGHT, BOX_ROUND_RADIUS, DARKGRAY);

tft.drawRoundRect(2, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 2), tft.width() - 4, BOX_HEIGHT, BOX_ROUND_RADIUS, WHITE);

// Draw labels for each row

tft.setTextSize(1);

setTextProperties(tft, CYAN);

// Row 1 labels

tft.setCursor(5, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 0) + LABEL_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);

tft.print("VOLTAGE");

tft.setCursor(tft.width() / 2 + 5, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 0) + LABEL_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);

tft.print("CURRENT");

// Row 2 labels

tft.setCursor(5, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 1) + LABEL_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);

tft.print("POWER");

tft.setCursor(tft.width() / 2 + 5, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 1) + LABEL_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);

tft.print("ENERGY");

// Row 3 labels (Balance & Status)

tft.setCursor(5, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 2) + LABEL_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);

tft.print("BALANCE");

tft.setCursor(tft.width() / 2 + 5, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 2) + LABEL_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);

tft.print("STATUS");

// Draw notification area and IP address at bottom

tft.drawRect(2, 113, tft.width() - 4, FOOTER_AREA_HEIGHT, WHITE);

// Display IP address in footer

tft.setTextSize(1);

setTextProperties(tft, GREEN);

tft.setCursor(5, 113 + FOOTER_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);

tft.print("IP: ");

// Use stored IP address string

if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {

tft.print(ipAddressStr);

} else {

setTextProperties(tft, RED);

tft.print("Not Connected");

setTextProperties(tft, GREEN); // Reset color for IP: prefix for next redraw

}

// Reset all text buffers when drawing a new page

memset(lastVoltageText, 0, sizeof(lastVoltageText));

memset(lastCurrentText, 0, sizeof(lastCurrentText));

memset(lastPowerText, 0, sizeof(lastPowerText));

memset(lastEnergyText, 0, sizeof(lastEnergyText));

memset(lastBalanceText, 0, sizeof(lastBalanceText));

memset(lastStatusText, 0, sizeof(lastStatusText));

}

void drawAlertsPage() {

tft.fillScreen(BLACK);

tft.setTextSize(2);

setTextProperties(tft, YELLOW);

tft.setCursor(5, 10);

tft.print("ALERTS");

tft.drawFastHLine(0, 30, tft.width(), DARKGRAY);

setTextProperties(tft, CYAN);

int y_offset = 40;

tft.setTextSize(1);

setTextProperties(tft, CYAN); // Set color for labels on Alerts page

tft.setCursor(5, 40);

tft.print("Over Voltage Limit:");

tft.setCursor(5, 55);

tft.print("Over Current Limit:");

tft.setCursor(5, 70);

tft.print("Theft Current:");

tft.setCursor(5, 85);

tft.print("Min Balance:");

// Footer with smaller text

tft.setTextSize(1);

setTextProperties(tft, DARKGRAY);

tft.setCursor(5, tft.height() - 10);

tft.print("2/2");

// Reset alert text buffers

memset(lastFaultText, 0, sizeof(lastFaultText));

memset(lastTheftText, 0, sizeof(lastTheftText));

}

void updateDisplayValues() {

if (displayPage == 0) { // Live Data Page

int x_value_start_left = 5;

int x_value_start_right = tft.width() / 2 + 5;

char newText[20]; // Increased buffer size for values with units

tft.setTextSize(1);

setTextProperties(tft, WHITE);

// Row 1: Voltage

tft.fillRect(x_value_start_left, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 0) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET, tft.width()/2 - 10, BOX_HEIGHT - VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET - 2, BLACK);

tft.setCursor(x_value_start_left, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 0) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);

if (readings.isValid) {

sprintf(newText, "%.1fV", readings.voltage);

tft.print(newText);

strcpy(lastVoltageText, newText);

} else {

tft.print("0.0V"); // Display 0.0V when no reading

strcpy(lastVoltageText, "0.0V");

}

// Row 1: Current

tft.fillRect(x_value_start_right, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 0) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET, tft.width()/2 - 10, BOX_HEIGHT - VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET - 2, BLACK);

tft.setCursor(x_value_start_right, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 0) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);

if (readings.isValid) {

sprintf(newText, "%.3fA", readings.current);

tft.print(newText);

strcpy(lastCurrentText, newText);

} else {

tft.print("0.000A"); // Display 0.000A when no reading

strcpy(lastCurrentText, "0.000A");

}

// Row 2: Power

tft.fillRect(x_value_start_left, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 1) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET, tft.width()/2 - 10, BOX_HEIGHT - VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET - 2, BLACK);

tft.setCursor(x_value_start_left, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 1) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);

if (readings.isValid) {

sprintf(newText, "%.1fW", readings.power);

tft.print(newText);

strcpy(lastPowerText, newText);

} else {

tft.print("0.0W"); // Display 0.0W when no reading

strcpy(lastPowerText, "0.0W");

}

// Row 2: Energy

tft.fillRect(x_value_start_right, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 1) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET, tft.width()/2 - 10, BOX_HEIGHT - VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET - 2, BLACK);

tft.setCursor(x_value_start_right, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 1) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);

if (readings.isValid) {

sprintf(newText, "%.2fkWh", readings.energy);

tft.print(newText);

strcpy(lastEnergyText, newText);

} else {

tft.print("0.00kWh"); // Display 0.00kWh when no reading

strcpy(lastEnergyText, "0.00kWh");

}

// Row 3: Balance

tft.fillRect(x_value_start_left, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 2) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET, tft.width()/2 - 10, BOX_HEIGHT - VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET - 2, BLACK);

tft.setCursor(x_value_start_left, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 2) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);

sprintf(newText, "%.2f Rs", balance);

tft.print(newText);

strcpy(lastBalanceText, newText);

// Row 3: Status

tft.fillRect(x_value_start_right, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 2) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET, tft.width()/2 - 10, BOX_HEIGHT - VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET - 2, BLACK);

tft.setCursor(x_value_start_right, BOX_VERTICAL_START + (ROW_SPACING * 2) + VALUE_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);

if (balance <= minimumBalance) {

setTextProperties(tft, RED);

strcpy(newText, "LOW BAL");

} else if (faultDetected) {

setTextProperties(tft, RED);

strcpy(newText, "FAULT");

} else if (theftDetected) {

setTextProperties(tft, ORANGE); // Use Orange for theft

strcpy(newText, "THEFT");

} else if (!pzemConnected) {

setTextProperties(tft, RED);

strcpy(newText, "PZEM OFF");

}

else if (relayState) {

setTextProperties(tft, GREEN);

strcpy(newText, "ACTIVE");

} else {

setTextProperties(tft, DARKGRAY); // Use dark gray for OFF status

strcpy(newText, "OFF");

}

tft.print(newText);

strcpy(lastStatusText, newText);

setTextProperties(tft, WHITE); // Reset text color to white for other values

} else if (displayPage == 1) { // Alerts Page

tft.setTextSize(1);

setTextProperties(tft, WHITE);

int x_value_start = 130; // Adjusted x position for values on alerts page

char newText[20];

setTextProperties(tft, WHITE); // Set color for threshold values on Alerts page

tft.fillRect(x_value_start, 40, tft.width() - x_value_start - 5, 8, BLACK);

tft.setCursor(x_value_start, 40);

sprintf(newText, "%.1fV", overVoltageThreshold);

tft.print(newText);

tft.fillRect(x_value_start, 55, tft.width() - x_value_start - 5, 8, BLACK);

tft.setCursor(x_value_start, 55);

sprintf(newText, "%.2fA", overCurrentThreshold);

tft.print(newText);

tft.fillRect(x_value_start, 70, tft.width() - x_value_start - 5, 8, BLACK);

tft.setCursor(x_value_start, 70);

sprintf(newText, "%.3fA", theftCurrentThreshold);

tft.print(newText);

tft.fillRect(x_value_start, 85, tft.width() - x_value_start - 5, 8, BLACK);

tft.setCursor(x_value_start, 85);

sprintf(newText, "%.2f Rs", minimumBalance);

tft.print(newText);

}

// Notification area - Moved higher for better visibility

static unsigned long lastNotificationUpdate = 0;

static char lastNotificationText[30] = "";

int notificationY = 113 + FOOTER_TEXT_Y_OFFSET; // Adjusted notification Y

if (notificationEndTime > 0 && millis() < notificationEndTime) {

if (strcmp(currentNotification.c_str(), lastNotificationText) != 0 ||

millis() - lastNotificationUpdate > 500) {

tft.fillRect(2, 113, tft.width() - 4, FOOTER_AREA_HEIGHT, BLACK); // Clear footer area

tft.setTextSize(1);

setTextProperties(tft, notificationColor);

tft.setCursor(2, notificationY);

tft.print(currentNotification);

strcpy(lastNotificationText, currentNotification.c_str());

lastNotificationUpdate = millis();

}

} else if (notificationEndTime > 0 && millis() >= notificationEndTime) {

// Clear notification when expired

tft.fillRect(2, 113, tft.width() - 4, FOOTER_AREA_HEIGHT, BLACK); // Clear footer area

notificationEndTime = 0;

lastNotificationText[0] = '\0';

// Redraw IP address after clearing notification

setTextProperties(tft, GREEN);

tft.setCursor(5, 113 + FOOTER_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);

tft.print("IP: ");

if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {

tft.print(ipAddressStr);

} else {

setTextProperties(tft, RED);

tft.print("Not Connected");

setTextProperties(tft, GREEN); // Reset color for IP: prefix for next redraw

}

void showNotification(const String& message, uint16_t color, unsigned long duration) {

currentNotification = message;

notificationColor = color;

notificationEndTime = millis() + duration;

// Notification area positioned higher

int notificationY = 113 + FOOTER_TEXT_Y_OFFSET;

tft.fillRect(2, 113, tft.width() - 4, FOOTER_AREA_HEIGHT, BLACK); // Clear footer area

tft.setTextSize(1);

setTextProperties(tft, color);

tft.setCursor(2, notificationY);

tft.print(message);

}

void clearNotification() {

// Clear the notification area at its new position

tft.fillRect(2, 113, tft.width() - 4, FOOTER_AREA_HEIGHT, BLACK);

notificationEndTime = 0;

// Redraw IP address after clearing notification

setTextProperties(tft, GREEN);

tft.setCursor(5, 113 + FOOTER_TEXT_Y_OFFSET);

tft.print("IP: ");

if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {

tft.print(ipAddressStr);

} else {

setTextProperties(tft, RED);

tft.print("Not Connected");

setTextProperties(tft, GREEN); // Reset color for IP: prefix for next redraw

}

void displayStartupSequence() {

tft.fillScreen(BLACK);

tft.setTextSize(2); // Larger text for startup

setTextProperties(tft, GREEN);

// Center the title text

int titleX = (tft.width() - 12*11)/2; // Approximate centering for "ENERGY METER"

tft.setCursor(titleX > 0 ? titleX : 0, 10);

tft.print("ENERGY METER");

tft.setTextSize(1); // Smaller text for status messages

setTextProperties(tft, WHITE); // Set color for status text to white

tft.setCursor(5, 35);

tft.print("Booting...");

// Progress bar sized appropriately for display

int barWidth = tft.width() - 10;

tft.drawRect(5, 45, barWidth, 8, WHITE);

for (int i = 0; i < barWidth - 4; i += 2) {

tft.fillRect(7, 47, i, 4, BLUE);

delay(25); // Faster animation

}

// Status messages positioned better

clearTextArea(5, 60, tft.width() - 10, 8);

setTextProperties(tft, WHITE); // Ensure color is set before each text print

tft.setCursor(5, 60);

tft.print("Init sensors...");

delay(300);

clearTextArea(5, 60, tft.width() - 10, 8);

setTextProperties(tft, WHITE);

tft.setCursor(5, 60);

tft.print("Web server...");

delay(300);

clearTextArea(5, 60, tft.width() - 10, 8);

setTextProperties(tft, WHITE);

tft.setCursor(5, 60);

tft.print("System ready!");

delay(500);

}

void configureWiFi() {

Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi...");

WiFi.begin(ssid, password);

tft.fillScreen(BLACK);

tft.setTextSize(1); // Smaller text to fit more info

setTextProperties(tft, WHITE);

tft.setCursor(5, 10);

tft.print("Connecting WiFi...");

// Add a small animation during connection

int dotCount = 0;

int timeout = 0;

while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED && timeout < 30) {

delay(1000);

Serial.print(".");

// Clear animation line and redraw

tft.fillRect(5, 25, tft.width() - 10, 8, BLACK);

setTextProperties(tft, WHITE); // Set color before printing dots

tft.setCursor(5, 25);

for(int i = 0; i < dotCount; i++) {

tft.print(".");

}

dotCount = (dotCount + 1) % 4; // Cycle between 0-3 dots

timeout++;

}

if (WiFi.status() == WL_CONNECTED) {

tft.fillRect(5, 25, tft.width() - 10, 16, BLACK);

setTextProperties(tft, WHITE);

tft.setCursor(5, 25);

tft.print("Connected!");

tft.setCursor(5, 40);

tft.print(WiFi.localIP().toString());

Serial.println("\nWiFi Connected!");

Serial.print("IP address: ");

Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());

} else {

tft.fillRect(5, 25, tft.width() - 10, 8, BLACK);

setTextProperties(tft, RED);

tft.setCursor(5, 25);

tft.print("Connection Failed!");

Serial.println("\nWiFi Connection Failed!");

}

delay(1500); // Show the result briefly

}

// Save balance to EEPROM - No changes needed, looks good

void saveBalance() {

EEPROM.writeFloat(BALANCE_ADDR, balance);

EEPROM.writeFloat(ENERGY_ADDR, lastEnergy);

EEPROM.commit();

printDebugInfo("Save Balance", true);

}

// Load balance from EEPROM - No changes needed, looks good

void loadBalance() {

balance = EEPROM.readFloat(BALANCE_ADDR);

lastEnergy = EEPROM.readFloat(ENERGY_ADDR);

// Check if values are valid (not NaN or negative)

if (isnan(balance) || balance < 0) {

balance = 0.0;

}

if (isnan(lastEnergy) || lastEnergy < 0) {

lastEnergy = 0.0;

}

printDebugInfo("Load Balance", true);

}

// Save thresholds to EEPROM - No changes needed, looks good

void saveThresholds() {

EEPROM.writeFloat(OVER_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD_ADDR, overVoltageThreshold);

EEPROM.writeFloat(OVER_CURRENT_THRESHOLD_ADDR, overCurrentThreshold);

EEPROM.writeFloat(THEFT_CURRENT_THRESHOLD_ADDR, theftCurrentThreshold);

EEPROM.writeFloat(MINIMUM_BALANCE_ADDR, minimumBalance);

EEPROM.writeFloat(COST_PER_KWH_ADDR, costPerKWh);

EEPROM.commit();

printDebugInfo("Save Thresholds", true);

}

// Load thresholds from EEPROM - No changes needed, looks good

void loadThresholds() {

overVoltageThreshold = EEPROM.readFloat(OVER_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD_ADDR);

overCurrentThreshold = EEPROM.readFloat(OVER_CURRENT_THRESHOLD_ADDR);

theftCurrentThreshold = EEPROM.readFloat(THEFT_CURRENT_THRESHOLD_ADDR);

minimumBalance = EEPROM.readFloat(MINIMUM_BALANCE_ADDR);

costPerKWh = EEPROM.readFloat(COST_PER_KWH_ADDR); // Corrected usage - making sure macro is spelled correctly

// Check if values are valid (not NaN or negative/zero where appropriate)

if (isnan(overVoltageThreshold) || overVoltageThreshold <= 0) {

overVoltageThreshold = DEFAULT_OVER_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD;

}

if (isnan(overCurrentThreshold) || overCurrentThreshold <= 0) {

overCurrentThreshold = DEFAULT_OVER_CURRENT_THRESHOLD;

}

if (isnan(theftCurrentThreshold) || theftCurrentThreshold < 0) {

theftCurrentThreshold = DEFAULT_THEFT_CURRENT_THRESHOLD;

}

if (isnan(minimumBalance) ) { // Minimum balance can be negative if you want to allow credit

minimumBalance = DEFAULT_MINIMUM_BALANCE;

}

if (isnan(costPerKWh) || costPerKWh <= 0) {

costPerKWh = DEFAULT_COST_PER_KWH;

}

printDebugInfo("Load Thresholds", true);

}

// Update balance based on energy consumption - No changes needed, looks good

void updateBalance() {

if (!readings.isValid) return;

float energyUsed = readings.energy - lastEnergy;

// If energy counter was reset or first reading

if (energyUsed < 0) {

energyUsed = readings.energy;

}

// Calculate cost

float cost = energyUsed * costPerKWh;

// Deduct from balance if relay is on and not manually overridden off

if (relayState && !manualOverride && cost > 0) {

balance -= cost;

// Ensure balance doesn't go negative

if (balance < 0) {

balance = 0;

}

printDebugInfo("Balance Updated", true);

}

// Update last energy reading

lastEnergy = readings.energy;

}

// Check for electrical faults and theft - No changes needed, looks good

void checkFaultsAndTheft() {

if (!readings.isValid) return;

// Check for faults (over voltage or over current)

bool newFaultState = (readings.voltage > overVoltageThreshold ||

readings.current > overCurrentThreshold);

// Only show notification if fault state changes

if (newFaultState != faultDetected) {

faultDetected = newFaultState;

if (faultDetected) {

showNotification("Fault Detected!", RED);

} else {

showNotification("Fault Cleared", GREEN);

}

// Check for theft (current flowing when relay is off)

bool newTheftState = (!relayState && readings.current > theftCurrentThreshold);

// Only show notification if theft state changes

if (newTheftState != theftDetected) {

theftDetected = newTheftState;

if (theftDetected) {

showNotification("Theft Detected!", RED);

} else {

showNotification("Theft Alert Cleared", GREEN);

}

// Control relay based on balance and faults - Modified to respect manual override

void controlRelay() {

if (manualOverride) return; // Do not auto-control relay if manually overridden

bool shouldBeOn = (balance > minimumBalance && !faultDetected);

// Only change relay state if needed

if (relayState != shouldBeOn) {

relayState = shouldBeOn;

digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, relayState ? LOW : HIGH);

if (relayState) {

showNotification("Power Enabled", GREEN);

} else {

showNotification("Power Disabled", RED);

}

// Print debug information to serial - No changes needed, looks good

void printDebugInfo(const char* action, bool success) {

Serial.print("[");

Serial.print(action);

Serial.print("] ");

if (success) {

Serial.println("Success");

} else {

Serial.println("Failed");

}

// Web server handlers - No changes needed, looks good

void handleRoot() {

if (!server.authenticate(admin_username, admin_password)) {

return server.requestAuthentication();

}

server.send(200, "text/html", index_html);

}

void handleLogin() {

if (server.method() != HTTP_POST) {

server.send(405, "text/plain", "Method Not Allowed");

return;

}

if (server.arg("username") == admin_username &&

server.arg("password") == admin_password) {

server.sendHeader("Location", "/");

server.send(303);

} else {

server.sendHeader("Location", "/login?error=1");

server.send(303);

}

void handleRecharge() {

if (!server.authenticate(admin_username, admin_password)) {

server.send(401, "text/plain", "Unauthorized");

return;

}

if (server.method() != HTTP_POST) {

server.send(405, "text/plain", "Method Not Allowed");

return;

}

if (server.hasArg("amount")) {

float amount = server.arg("amount").toFloat();

if (amount > 0) {

balance += amount;

saveBalance();

// Create JSON response

String response = "{\"success\":true,\"balance\":" + String(balance, 2) + "}";

server.send(200, "application/json", response);

showNotification("Recharged: Rs" + String(amount, 2), GREEN);

return;

}

server.send(400, "application/json", "{\"success\":false,\"message\":\"Invalid amount\"}");

}

void handleData() {

if (!server.authenticate(admin_username, admin_password)) {

server.send(401, "text/plain", "Unauthorized");

return;

}

// Create JSON document

DynamicJsonDocument doc(1024);

// Add readings

doc["isValid"] = readings.isValid;

doc["voltage"] = readings.voltage;

doc["current"] = readings.current;

doc["power"] = readings.power;

doc["energy"] = readings.energy;

// If reading is invalid, send 0 values for web dashboard to clear values

if (!readings.isValid) {

doc["voltage"] = 0.0;

doc["current"] = 0.0;

doc["power"] = 0.0;

doc["energy"] = 0.0;

}

// Add status information

doc["balance"] = balance;

doc["relayState"] = relayState;

doc["faultDetected"] = faultDetected;

doc["theftDetected"] = theftDetected;

doc["overVoltageThreshold"] = overVoltageThreshold;

doc["overCurrentThreshold"] = overCurrentThreshold;

doc["theftCurrentThreshold"] = theftCurrentThreshold;

doc["minimumBalance"] = minimumBalance;

doc["costPerKWh"] = costPerKWh;

doc["manualOverride"] = manualOverride; // Send manual override status

// Serialize JSON to string

String response;

serializeJson(doc, response);

server.send(200, "application/json", response);

}

void handleReset() {

if (!server.authenticate(admin_username, admin_password)) {

server.send(401, "text/plain", "Unauthorized");

return;

}

if (server.method() != HTTP_POST) {

server.send(405, "text/plain", "Method Not Allowed");

return;

}

// Reset energy counter on PZEM

bool success = pzem.resetEnergy();

// Reset stored energy value

lastEnergy = 0.0;

saveBalance();

String response = "{\"success\":" + String(success ? "true" : "false") + "}";

server.send(200, "application/json", response);

if (success) {

showNotification("Energy Counter Reset", YELLOW);

} else {

showNotification("Reset Failed", RED);

}

void handleSetRelay() {

if (!server.authenticate(admin_username, admin_password)) {

server.send(401, "text/plain", "Unauthorized");

return;

}

if (server.method() != HTTP_POST) {

server.send(405, "text/plain", "Method Not Allowed");

return;

}

if (server.hasArg("state") && server.hasArg("override")) {

int state = server.arg("state").toInt();

int override_manual = server.arg("override").toInt();

bool success = false;

if (state == 0) {

relayState = false;

digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, HIGH);

success = true;

showNotification("Power Off", RED);

manualOverride = (override_manual == 1); // Set manual override based on parameter

} else if (state == 1) {

if (balance > minimumBalance && !faultDetected) {

relayState = true;

digitalWrite(RELAY_PIN, LOW);

success = true;

showNotification("Power On", GREEN);

manualOverride = false; // Clear manual override when turned on manually or automatically

}

String response = "{\"success\":" + String(success ? "true" : "false") + "}";

server.send(200, "application/json", response);

return;

}

server.send(400, "application/json", "{\"success\":false,\"message\":\"Missing state parameter\"}");

}

void handleSetThresholds() {

if (!server.authenticate(admin_username, admin_password)) {

server.send(401, "text/plain", "Unauthorized");

return;

}

if (server.method() != HTTP_POST) {

server.send(405, "text/plain", "Method Not Allowed");

return;

}

DynamicJsonDocument doc(512); // Adjust size as needed

DeserializationError error = deserializeJson(doc, server.arg("plain"));

if (error) {

Serial.print(F("deserializeJson() failed: "));

Serial.println(error.f_str());

server.send(400, "application/json", "{\"success\":false,\"message\":\"Invalid JSON\"}");

return;

}

if (doc.containsKey("overVoltage") && doc.containsKey("overCurrent") && doc.containsKey("theftCurrent") && doc.containsKey("minBalance") && doc.containsKey("costPerKWh")) {

overVoltageThreshold = doc["overVoltage"].as<float>();

overCurrentThreshold = doc["overCurrent"].as<float>();

theftCurrentThreshold = doc["theftCurrent"].as<float>();

minimumBalance = doc["minBalance"].as<float>();

costPerKWh = doc["costPerKWh"].as<float>();

saveThresholds(); // Save new thresholds to EEPROM

String response = "{\"success\":true}";

server.send(200, "application/json", response);

showNotification("Thresholds Updated", GREEN);

return;

} else {

server.send(400, "application/json", "{\"success\":false,\"message\":\"Missing parameters\"}");

return;

}

void handleFactoryReset() {

if (!server.authenticate(admin_username, admin_password)) {

server.send(401, "text/plain", "Unauthorized");

return;

}

if (server.method() != HTTP_POST) {

server.send(405, "text/plain", "Method Not Allowed");

return;

}

resetEEPROMToDefaults(); // Reset EEPROM values to defaults

showNotification("Factory Resetting...", YELLOW, 2000); // Notify user on TFT

delay(2000); // Short delay to show notification

server.send(200, "application/json", "{\"success\":true}");

ESP.restart(); // Restart ESP32 to apply defaults immediately

}

void resetEEPROMToDefaults() {

balance = DEFAULT_BALANCE;

lastEnergy = DEFAULT_ENERGY;

overVoltageThreshold = DEFAULT_OVER_VOLTAGE_THRESHOLD;

overCurrentThreshold = DEFAULT_OVER_CURRENT_THRESHOLD;

theftCurrentThreshold = DEFAULT_THEFT_CURRENT_THRESHOLD;

minimumBalance = DEFAULT_MINIMUM_BALANCE;

costPerKWh = DEFAULT_COST_PER_KWH;

saveBalance();

saveThresholds();

// Optionally clear the entire EEPROM (be cautious, this is usually not needed and can reduce EEPROM life if done excessively)

// for (int i = 0; i < EEPROM_SIZE; i++) {

// EEPROM.write(i, 0);

// }

// EEPROM.commit();

printDebugInfo("EEPROM Reset to Defaults", true);

}

void handleNotFound() {

server.send(404, "text/plain", "404: Not found");

}

Verify and upload the code to your ESP32

Power Up and Test

After safely completing all wiring, power up the ESP32; the TFT screen should light up and show the startup sequence

After a successful connection, the system displays its IP address on the TFT screen and connects to that IP address from a browser connected to your WiFi.

Username: admin
Password: admin123

Configure Your System

Through the web dashboard, you can:

Add credit to your prepaid balance
Set the cost per kWh to match your local electricity rates
Configure safety thresholds:

- Over-voltage protection
- Over-current protection
- Theft detection sensitivity
- Minimum balance before cutoff
Control the power relay manually when needed

How to Use Your Prepaid Energy Monitor

Local Display (TFT Screen)

The TFT shows real-time voltage, current, power, energy, and balance
Press the button to cycle through different information screens
Long-press the button to toggle power ON/OFF manually

Web Dashboard

Access the web dashboard from any device on your network by entering the IP address shown on the TFT screen:

Main Dashboard:

- View all electrical parameters in real time.
- See your remaining balance.
- Check system status indicators.
Control Panel:

- Turn power ON/OFF
- Add credit to your balance
- View alert indicators
Settings:

- Adjust all threshold values.
- Set electricity cost per kWh
- Perform factory reset if needed

Testing with Different Loads:

No Load Testing: Connect the system without any appliance to verify baseline readings; the display shows near-zero current and power readings when no load is connected

Small Load (2W Smart Bulb):

The display shows a small current draw and accurate power measurement with minimal Load.

Web dashboard

Medium Load (100W Bulb):

The display clearly shows increased current and power consumption with the 100W Load.

Long-press the button to toggle power ON/OFF manually.

Advanced Features

Fault Protection

The system automatically detects and protects against:

Over-voltage conditions (configurable threshold)
Over-current conditions (configurable threshold)
Energy theft (detects current when the relay is OFF)

Stable Memory

Even after power outages, the system remembers:

Your prepaid balance
Accumulated energy usage
All custom settings

Troubleshooting Tips

No readings from PZEM: Check serial connections between ESP32 and PZEM
TFT not displaying: Verify TFT connections and power
Can’t connect to web dashboard: Check WiFi settings and connection
Relay not switching: Verify relay connections and test relay functionality
Balance decreasing too quickly: Verify your cost per kWh setting

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DIY ESP32 Thermal Camera with MLX90640 and TFT Display

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IoT Based ESP32 Prepaid Energy Meter with PZEM-004T | Power Monitoring & Web Control

Required Components

Software Requirements:

PZEM-004T Energy Meter Module

Key Features:

Pinout:

Applications:

Working Principle | IoT ESP32 Prepaid Energy Meter With PZEM-004T

Connect the Components

1. PZEM-004T Connections

Load (Bulb) Connections

2. Relay Connections

3. TFT Display to ESP32 Connections

4. Connect the Push Button

Install the Libraries:

Upload the Code

Source code – IoT ESP32 Prepaid Energy Meter

Power Up and Test

Configure Your System

How to Use Your Prepaid Energy Monitor

Local Display (TFT Screen)

Web Dashboard

Testing with Different Loads:

Web dashboard

Medium Load (100W Bulb):

Advanced Features

Fault Protection

Stable Memory

Troubleshooting Tips

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